Opportunity Information: Apply for PAR 14 231
Apply for PAR 14 231
- The National Institutes of Health in the education health sector is offering a public funding opportunity titled "Exploratory Studies of Smoking Cessation Interventions for People with Schizophrenia (R33)" and is now available to receive applicants.
- Interested and eligible applicants and submit their applications by referencing the CFDA number(s): 93.242 Mental Health Research Grants 93.273 Alcohol Research Programs 93.279 Drug Abuse and Addiction Research Programs 93.399 Cancer Control.
- This funding opportunity was created on May 19, 2014 and posted on May 19, 2014.
- Applicants must submit their applications by Apr 17, 2017. (Agency may still review applications by suitable applicants for the remaining/unused allocated funding in 2026.)
- The funding agency has allocated a total of $3,500,000.00 to eligible and selected applicants.
- Each selected applicant is eligible to receive up to $225,000.00 in funding.
- Eligible applicants include: Nonprofits having a 501(c)(3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education State governments Independent school districts Others (see text field entitled Additional Information on Eligibility for clarification) Small businesses Private institutions of higher education City or township governments Public housing authorities/Indian housing authorities Native American tribal governments (Federally recognized) Nonprofits that do not have a 501(c)(3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education For profit organizations other than small businesses Native American tribal organizations (other than Federally recognized tribal governments) Public and State controlled institutions of higher education County governments Special district governments.
- Other Eligible Applicants include the following Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions Asian American Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institutions (AANAPISISs) Eligible Agencies of the Federal Government Faith based or Community based Organizations Hispanic serving Institutions Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) Indian/Native American Tribal Governments (Other than Federally Recognized) Non domestic (non U.S.) Entities (Foreign Organizations) Regional Organizations Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs) U.S. Territory or Possession Non domestic (non U.S.) Entities (Foreign Institutions) are eligible to apply. Non domestic (non U.S.) components of U.S. Organizations are eligible to apply. Foreign components, as defined in the NIH Grants Policy Statement, are allowed.
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Opportunity Summary:
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant opportunity titled "Exploratory Studies of Smoking Cessation Interventions for People with Schizophrenia (R33)" (Funding Opportunity Number PAR 14-231) was designed to accelerate early, decision-oriented research on how to help people with schizophrenia stop smoking. The program recognizes that smoking rates are disproportionately high in schizophrenia and that standard cessation approaches often need tailoring to address cognitive symptoms, psychiatric comorbidity, medication interactions, and real-world treatment settings. The overall aim is not simply to run small trials, but to generate results that are scientifically informative either way, so that investigators and the field can confidently decide what should be refined, scaled, or tested in larger definitive studies.
The FOA supports two distinct but related kinds of projects. Type I applications focus on exploratory testing of novel, targeted smoking cessation treatments specifically for individuals with schizophrenia. "Novel" is meant broadly: investigators can propose behavioral interventions, pharmacological approaches, biologics-based strategies, cognitive or cognitive-remediation informed treatments, device-based methods, interpersonal or social approaches, physiological interventions, or combinations of these. The emphasis is on interventions designed with schizophrenia in mind rather than generic cessation programs simply applied to this population. Trials under this type should be structured so that even a negative finding clarifies something important, such as feasibility, dosing, engagement, safety, target engagement, acceptability, or which subgroups appear most likely to benefit.
Type II applications focus on implementation rather than inventing new treatments. These projects conduct exploratory testing of targeted implementation strategies aimed at improving the adoption, delivery, or sustainment of existing evidence-based smoking cessation treatments within real service delivery systems. In practice, this could mean studying how clinics, community mental health centers, or coordinated care programs can better integrate proven cessation supports (for example, counseling models or FDA-approved cessation medications) into routine schizophrenia care. The key distinction is that Type II projects are about how to make what already works actually get used effectively at the system level, including provider behavior, workflow changes, training, reimbursement and policy barriers, referral pathways, adherence supports, or other service-organization levers.
A specific population of interest across both project types includes smokers with schizophrenia who also have co-occurring alcohol and/or substance use disorders. This reflects a real clinical overlap and acknowledges that comorbidity can complicate quitting, engagement in treatment, and relapse risk. Projects that thoughtfully address these co-occurring conditions, or at least account for them in design and analysis, align well with the FOA priorities.
Methodologically, the announcement stresses that trials should be designed for "high scientific utility" regardless of outcome. In other words, applicants are expected to build studies that yield interpretable answers about whether an intervention or implementation strategy is promising enough to justify further development or larger-scale testing. That typically implies careful selection of outcomes and measures (cessation outcomes, engagement, psychiatric symptom monitoring, safety signals, and implementation metrics where relevant), appropriate comparison conditions, and designs that can isolate what is being tested. The FOA is explicitly exploratory, so the goal is often proof-of-concept, feasibility, optimization, and signals of efficacy or impact rather than a fully powered phase III-style trial.
The mechanism used is the NIH R33, which supports exploratory clinical research for up to three years. For this specific FOA, the estimated total funding was $3,500,000, and the award ceiling listed was $225,000. There is no cost sharing or matching requirement. The opportunity was posted on May 19, 2014, with an original and final closing date of April 17, 2017, and it was archived May 18, 2017.
Eligibility is broad and includes many organizational types: nonprofit organizations (with and without 501(c)(3) status), for-profit organizations (including small businesses and other for-profits), public and private institutions of higher education, state and local governments (including counties, cities/townships, special districts), independent school districts, public housing authorities/Indian housing authorities, and tribal governments and tribal organizations. The FOA also explicitly allows non-U.S. entities (foreign organizations and foreign institutions), U.S. territories or possessions, and foreign components as permitted under NIH policy. It further notes eligibility for a range of mission- or population-focused institutions such as HBCUs, Hispanic-serving institutions, AANAPISIs, tribally controlled colleges and universities, Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian-serving institutions, and faith-based or community-based organizations, among others.
The activity sits at the intersection of mental health, addiction, and cancer control research, reflected in the listed CFDA numbers: 93.242 (Mental Health Research Grants), 93.273 (Alcohol Research Programs), 93.279 (Drug Abuse and Addiction Research Programs), and 93.399 (Cancer Control). The sponsoring agency is the NIH, and the full announcement was hosted on the NIH grants site at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-14-231.html. For technical access issues, the contact provided was the NIH Office of Extramural Research (OER) webmaster (FBOWebmaster@OD.NIH.GOV).
FAQs: Exploratory Studies of Smoking Cessation Interventions for People with Schizophrenia (R33) (PAR-14-231)
What is this NIH funding opportunity?
This opportunity is the NIH grant announcement titled "Exploratory Studies of Smoking Cessation Interventions for People with Schizophrenia (R33)," Funding Opportunity Number PAR 14-231. It supports early, decision-oriented research focused on helping people with schizophrenia stop smoking.
What is the main purpose of PAR 14-231?
The main purpose is to accelerate exploratory studies that can produce scientifically useful results either way (positive or negative), so investigators and the field can make informed decisions about what smoking cessation approaches should be refined, scaled, or moved to larger, definitive studies.
Why does this FOA focus specifically on people with schizophrenia?
The program recognizes that smoking rates are disproportionately high among people with schizophrenia and that standard smoking cessation approaches often need tailoring to address factors common in this population, such as cognitive symptoms, psychiatric comorbidity, medication interactions, and real-world treatment settings.
What grant mechanism does this FOA use?
The FOA uses the NIH R33 mechanism, which supports exploratory clinical research.
How long can an R33 project last under this opportunity?
The R33 mechanism under this FOA supports projects for up to three years.
How much funding is available and what is the award ceiling?
For this FOA, the estimated total funding was $3,500,000, and the listed award ceiling was $225,000.
Is cost sharing or matching required?
No. The FOA states that there is no cost sharing or matching requirement.
What kinds of projects does the FOA support?
The FOA supports two related project types: (1) exploratory testing of novel, targeted smoking cessation treatments for individuals with schizophrenia (Type I), and (2) exploratory testing of targeted implementation strategies to improve adoption and delivery of existing evidence-based cessation treatments in real service systems (Type II).
What is a Type I application under this FOA?
Type I applications focus on exploratory testing of novel, targeted smoking cessation interventions designed specifically for people with schizophrenia. The intent is not to simply apply generic cessation programs to this population, but to test approaches developed with schizophrenia-related needs in mind.
What does "novel" mean for Type I projects?
"Novel" is defined broadly in the FOA. Proposals may include behavioral interventions, pharmacological approaches, biologics-based strategies, cognitive or cognitive-remediation informed treatments, device-based methods, interpersonal or social approaches, physiological interventions, or combinations of these.
What is the expectation for Type I trial outcomes if results are negative?
The FOA emphasizes that Type I trials should still produce high scientific utility even with negative findings by clarifying important factors such as feasibility, dosing, engagement, safety, target engagement, acceptability, or which subgroups may be more likely to benefit.
What is a Type II application under this FOA?
Type II applications focus on implementation, not invention. They support exploratory testing of targeted implementation strategies intended to improve adoption, delivery, or sustainment of existing evidence-based smoking cessation treatments within real-world service delivery systems.
What does "implementation strategy" mean here?
In this FOA, implementation strategies are approaches designed to improve how proven cessation supports get used in routine schizophrenia care. Examples mentioned include strategies affecting provider behavior, workflow changes, training, reimbursement and policy barriers, referral pathways, adherence supports, and other service-organization levers.
What settings are relevant for Type II implementation studies?
The FOA points to real service delivery systems such as clinics, community mental health centers, or coordinated care programs where evidence-based smoking cessation supports could be integrated into routine schizophrenia care.
How is Type II different from Type I?
Type I is about exploring new, targeted cessation treatments designed for schizophrenia. Type II is about exploring how to increase uptake, delivery, and sustainment of existing evidence-based cessation treatments in real-world systems serving people with schizophrenia.
Is there a specific population of interest mentioned in the FOA?
Yes. Across both project types, the FOA highlights smokers with schizophrenia who also have co-occurring alcohol and/or substance use disorders as a population of special interest.
Why does the FOA highlight co-occurring alcohol or substance use disorders?
The FOA notes that this comorbidity is a common clinical overlap and that co-occurring conditions can complicate quitting, engagement in treatment, and relapse risk. Projects that address these issues, or account for them in design and analysis, align well with FOA priorities.
What does the FOA mean by "high scientific utility"?
The FOA stresses that trials should be designed to yield interpretable, decision-informing answers regardless of outcome. This typically involves careful selection of outcomes and measures, appropriate comparison conditions, and designs that isolate what is being tested.
Is this FOA intended for large, fully powered clinical trials?
No. The FOA is explicitly exploratory. The emphasis is on proof-of-concept, feasibility, optimization, and signals of efficacy or impact rather than a fully powered phase III-style trial.
What outcomes or measures are emphasized?
The FOA indicates that applicants typically should consider cessation outcomes, engagement, psychiatric symptom monitoring, safety signals, and (for implementation-focused studies) implementation metrics.
Who is eligible to apply?
Eligibility is broad. It includes nonprofit organizations (with and without 501(c)(3) status), for-profit organizations (including small businesses), public and private institutions of higher education, and state and local governments (including counties, cities/townships, and special districts), among other eligible entity types listed in the FOA.
Are tribal organizations and tribal governments eligible?
Yes. The FOA includes tribal governments and tribal organizations among eligible applicants.
Are non-U.S. (foreign) organizations eligible?
Yes. The FOA explicitly allows non-U.S. entities (foreign organizations and foreign institutions), U.S. territories or possessions, and foreign components as permitted under NIH policy.
Does the FOA mention specific institution types as eligible?
Yes. It notes eligibility for a range of mission- or population-focused institutions, including HBCUs, Hispanic-serving institutions, AANAPISIs, tribally controlled colleges and universities, Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian-serving institutions, and faith-based or community-based organizations, among others.
Which agency sponsors this opportunity?
The sponsoring agency is the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
What research areas does this FOA connect to?
The FOA sits at the intersection of mental health, addiction, and cancer control research.
What CFDA numbers are associated with this FOA?
The listed CFDA numbers are 93.242 (Mental Health Research Grants), 93.273 (Alcohol Research Programs), 93.279 (Drug Abuse and Addiction Research Programs), and 93.399 (Cancer Control).
When was this opportunity posted and when did it close?
The opportunity was posted on May 19, 2014. The original and final closing date was April 17, 2017. It was archived on May 18, 2017.
Where can the full announcement be found?
The full announcement was hosted on the NIH grants site at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-14-231.html.
Who is the contact for technical access issues?
For technical access issues, the FOA lists the NIH Office of Extramural Research (OER) webmaster at FBOWebmaster@OD.NIH.GOV.
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