Opportunity Information: Apply for PA 06 388
Apply for PA 06 388
- The National Institutes of Health in the health sector is offering a public funding opportunity titled "HIV Proteins and Their Cellular Binding Partners (R21/R33)" and is now available to receive applicants.
- Interested and eligible applicants and submit their applications by referencing the CFDA number(s): 93.855 Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation Research 93.856 Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research.
- This funding opportunity was created on Dec 5, 2008 and posted on May 5, 2006.
- Applicants must submit their applications by Multiple Receipt Dates See Link to Full Announcement for details.. (Agency may still review applications by suitable applicants for the remaining/unused allocated funding in 2026.)
- Eligible applicants include: Public housing authorities/Indian housing authorities Nonprofits having a 501(c)(3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education Native American tribal organizations (other than Federally recognized tribal governments) Native American tribal governments (Federally recognized) Nonprofits that do not have a 501(c)(3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education State governments Private institutions of higher education Independent school districts Public and State controlled institutions of higher education Special district governments For profit organizations other than small businesses County governments City or township governments Others (see text field entitled Additional Information on Eligibility for clarification).
- Foreign institutions are eligible to apply. Eligible agencies of the Federal Government can apply. Faith based or community based organizations can apply. Any individual with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research as the Project Director/Principal Investigator (PD/PI) is invited to work with his/her organization to develop an application for support. Individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always encouraged to apply for NIH support.
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Opportunity Summary:
The NIH funding opportunity titled "HIV Proteins and Their Cellular Binding Partners (R21/R33)" (Funding Opportunity Number PA-06-388) supports research aimed at mapping and structurally defining how HIV proteins interact with host cell proteins during the viral life cycle. The central scientific focus is on encouraging close collaboration between biochemists and structural biologists to identify HIV-host protein complexes and determine their three-dimensional structures. By clarifying the physical interfaces and molecular architecture of these complexes, the program seeks to produce a deeper, mechanistic picture of how HIV co-opts cellular machinery at different stages of infection, with the longer-term payoff being new, structure-informed ideas for therapeutic intervention in HIV disease.
The award uses the NIH Phased Innovation mechanism, combining an exploratory R21 phase with a potential expansion R33 phase. The first stage is a milestone-driven, two-year R21 designed for exploratory, feasibility, and proof-of-concept work, such as establishing and validating HIV-host interaction pairs, developing workable purification strategies, demonstrating complex stability, or generating early structural or biophysical data that shows the approach is likely to succeed. Projects that meet predefined milestones can transition relatively quickly into the second stage, a three-year R33 phase intended to support more extensive development work, such as completing higher-resolution structural studies, refining interaction models, and pushing from initial feasibility to robust, interpretable structural and functional outcomes. Importantly, applicants submit a single combined R21/R33 application, with clear plans and milestones laid out for both phases, rather than applying to each phase separately.
Budget limits are explicitly defined. The R21 phase is capped at $275,000 in direct costs total over the two-year period. If the project advances to the R33 phase, that phase is capped at $250,000 in direct costs per year. Progression is not automatic; NIH anticipated that at most 50 percent of funded R21 projects would move forward to the R33, emphasizing that the transition depends on meeting milestones and demonstrating sufficient progress and promise. As with standard NIH practice, actual funding decisions depend on scientific and technical merit, alignment with program priorities, and the availability of funds.
Eligibility is broad and includes both domestic and foreign institutions, as well as for-profit and non-profit organizations. Examples specifically include universities and colleges, hospitals, laboratories, public and private institutions, faith-based and community-based organizations, units of state and local government, and eligible federal agencies. The announcement also includes multiple categories related to Tribal entities, including Federally Recognized Tribal Governments, non-Federally Recognized Tribal Governments, and Tribal organizations. There is no cost sharing or matching requirement. From a leadership standpoint, any individual with the necessary expertise, skills, and resources to carry out the research can serve as Project Director/Principal Investigator, and NIH explicitly encourages applications from individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups and from individuals with disabilities.
The submission and review structure follows NIH’s standard referral and assignment process. Applications are investigator-initiated and will be assigned to the appropriate NIH Institutes and Centers using regular Public Health Service referral guidelines and program interests. Applicants are permitted to submit more than one application under this announcement as long as each is scientifically distinct, which allows groups to pursue multiple different HIV-host complexes or methodological strategies without forcing them into a single, overly broad proposal. The opportunity falls under NIH health research funding areas associated with CFDA numbers 93.855 (Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation Research) and 93.856 (Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research), reflecting its intersection between immunology, infectious disease biology, and mechanistic molecular studies.
Administratively, the opportunity was posted May 5, 2006, with multiple receipt dates rather than a single deadline, and it was later archived (archive date June 1, 2009). The full announcement was hosted through the NIH Grants Guide, and NIH provided support contacts through the NIH Office of Extramural Research for access or linking issues.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the title of this NIH funding opportunity?
The funding opportunity is titled "HIV Proteins and Their Cellular Binding Partners (R21/R33)."
What is the Funding Opportunity Number (FON) for this announcement?
The Funding Opportunity Number is PA-06-388.
What is the main scientific goal of this opportunity?
The program supports research aimed at mapping and structurally defining how HIV proteins interact with host cell proteins during the HIV life cycle. A major goal is to identify HIV-host protein complexes and determine their three-dimensional structures to clarify the physical interfaces and molecular architecture of these complexes.
Why does this opportunity emphasize structural studies of HIV-host protein complexes?
By defining the physical interfaces and 3D architecture of HIV-host protein complexes, the program aims to produce a deeper mechanistic picture of how HIV co-opts cellular machinery at different stages of infection, with the longer-term payoff of structure-informed ideas for therapeutic intervention.
What kinds of collaborations does the program encourage?
The central scientific focus encourages close collaboration between biochemists and structural biologists to identify HIV-host interaction pairs and determine the structures of the resulting complexes.
What grant mechanism does this opportunity use?
This opportunity uses the NIH Phased Innovation mechanism combining an R21 phase with a potential R33 phase (R21/R33).
How does the R21/R33 phased structure work?
Applicants submit a single combined R21/R33 application with plans and milestones for both phases. The first phase is a two-year, milestone-driven R21 for exploratory and proof-of-concept work. If predefined milestones are met, the project may transition to a three-year R33 phase for more extensive development and completion of structural studies.
Do applicants apply separately for the R21 and then later for the R33?
No. Applicants submit one combined R21/R33 application, rather than applying to each phase separately.
What is the purpose of the R21 phase in this program?
The two-year R21 phase supports exploratory, feasibility, and proof-of-concept work. Examples described include establishing and validating HIV-host interaction pairs, developing workable purification strategies, demonstrating complex stability, and generating early structural or biophysical data indicating that the approach is likely to succeed.
What is the purpose of the R33 phase in this program?
The three-year R33 phase is intended to support more extensive development work after successful completion of R21 milestones. Examples include completing higher-resolution structural studies, refining interaction models, and moving from feasibility to robust, interpretable structural and functional outcomes.
Is transition from the R21 phase to the R33 phase automatic?
No. Progression is not automatic. Transition depends on meeting predefined milestones and demonstrating sufficient progress and promise.
What proportion of funded R21 projects were expected to transition to the R33 phase?
NIH anticipated that at most 50 percent of funded R21 projects would move forward to the R33 phase, emphasizing milestone-based progression.
What are the budget limits for the R21 phase?
The R21 phase is capped at $275,000 in direct costs total over the two-year period.
What are the budget limits for the R33 phase?
If a project advances to the R33 phase, that phase is capped at $250,000 in direct costs per year.
Are there any cost sharing or matching requirements?
No. The announcement states there is no cost sharing or matching requirement.
Who is eligible to apply?
Eligibility is broad and includes domestic and foreign institutions, as well as for-profit and non-profit organizations. Examples listed include universities and colleges, hospitals, laboratories, public and private institutions, faith-based and community-based organizations, units of state and local government, and eligible federal agencies.
Are Tribal entities included in the eligible applicant categories?
Yes. The announcement includes categories related to Tribal entities, including Federally Recognized Tribal Governments, non-Federally Recognized Tribal Governments, and Tribal organizations.
Are foreign organizations eligible to apply?
Yes. The announcement states that both domestic and foreign institutions are eligible.
Are for-profit organizations eligible to apply?
Yes. The eligibility description includes for-profit organizations.
Who can serve as the Project Director/Principal Investigator (PD/PI)?
Any individual with the necessary expertise, skills, and resources to carry out the research can serve as Project Director/Principal Investigator.
Does NIH encourage applications from any particular groups of investigators?
Yes. NIH explicitly encourages applications from individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups and from individuals with disabilities.
How are applications submitted and assigned for review?
Applications are investigator-initiated and follow NIH's standard referral and assignment process. They are assigned to the appropriate NIH Institutes and Centers using regular Public Health Service referral guidelines and program interests.
Can an applicant submit more than one application under this announcement?
Yes. Applicants may submit more than one application as long as each application is scientifically distinct. This allows groups to pursue multiple different HIV-host complexes or methodological strategies without combining them into a single overly broad proposal.
What factors influence actual funding decisions?
As with standard NIH practice, funding decisions depend on scientific and technical merit, alignment with program priorities, and the availability of funds.
Which CFDA numbers are associated with this opportunity?
The opportunity is associated with CFDA 93.855 (Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation Research) and 93.856 (Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research).
When was this funding opportunity posted?
The opportunity was posted on May 5, 2006.
Did this announcement have a single application deadline?
No. The announcement indicated multiple receipt dates rather than a single deadline.
Is this funding opportunity still active?
No. It was later archived, with an archive date of June 1, 2009.
Where was the full announcement hosted?
The full announcement was hosted through the NIH Grants Guide.
What support was provided for access or linking issues?
NIH provided support contacts through the NIH Office of Extramural Research for access or linking issues.
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