Opportunity Information: Apply for RFA AI 14 047
Apply for RFA AI 14 047
- The National Institutes of Health in the health sector is offering a public funding opportunity titled "Immunobiology of Xenotransplantation (U19)" and is now available to receive applicants.
- Interested and eligible applicants and submit their applications by referencing the CFDA number(s): 93.855 Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research 93.856 Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research.
- This funding opportunity was created on Jul 18, 2014 and posted on Jul 18, 2014.
- Applicants must submit their applications by Nov 20, 2014. (Agency may still review applications by suitable applicants for the remaining/unused allocated funding in 2026.)
- The funding agency has allocated a total of $2,500,000.00 to eligible and selected applicants.
- Each selected applicant is eligible to receive up to $2,500,000.00 in funding.
- Eligible applicants include: Special district governments City or township governments Public and State controlled institutions of higher education Public housing authorities/Indian housing authorities Nonprofits that do not have a 501(c)(3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education Others (see text field entitled Additional Information on Eligibility for clarification) For profit organizations other than small businesses County governments Private institutions of higher education Nonprofits having a 501(c)(3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education Native American tribal organizations (other than Federally recognized tribal governments) State governments Native American tribal governments (Federally recognized) Small businesses Independent school districts.
- Other Eligible Applicants include the following Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions Asian American Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institutions (AANAPISISs) Eligible Agencies of the Federal Government Faith based or Community based Organizations Hispanic serving Institutions Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) Indian/Native American Tribal Governments (Other than Federally Recognized) Non domestic (non U.S.) Entities (Foreign Organizations) Regional Organizations Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs) U.S. Territory or Possession Non domestic (non U.S.) Entities (Foreign Institutions) are not eligible to apply. Non domestic (non U.S.) components of U.S. Organizations are not eligible to apply. Foreign components, as defined in the NIH Grants Policy Statement, are allowed.
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Opportunity Summary:
The Immunobiology of Xenotransplantation (U19) opportunity (RFA-AI-14-047) is a National Institutes of Health (NIH) cooperative agreement designed to build a coordinated research program focused on xenotransplantation, specifically using preclinical pig-to-nonhuman primate (NHP) transplant models. The announcement supports the Immunobiology of Xenotransplantation Cooperative Research Program (IXCRP), where NIH staff are expected to play an active, collaborative role typical of a U19 cooperative agreement rather than acting only as a passive funder. The scientific emphasis is on generating and using rigorous, clinically relevant animal models for porcine islet, kidney, heart, lung, or liver xenografts in NHP recipients, with the broader aim of accelerating progress toward safe and effective clinical xenotransplantation.
The program is organized around three central scientific goals. First, it aims to map out the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive xenograft rejection and, importantly, the mechanisms that can enable tolerance. This includes understanding immune pathways and effector processes that differ from allotransplantation and can be uniquely intense in cross-species settings. Second, it seeks the development of practical, effective strategies that measurably improve xenograft survival in these preclinical models. This can include immunomodulatory approaches, tolerance-induction strategies, and other interventions intended to overcome barriers that currently limit consistent long-term graft function. Third, it emphasizes studying the physiological compatibility and limitations of xenografts, recognizing that even if immune barriers are controlled, differences between pig organs/tissues and primate physiology can create functional constraints that matter for translation to human patients. Taken together, the long-term objective is to produce new, validated approaches that could realistically move xenotransplantation toward clinical use.
From an administrative and funding perspective, this is a discretionary grant mechanism under the NIH health research categories tied to CFDA numbers 93.855 (Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research) and 93.856 (Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research). The total estimated funding amount listed is $2,500,000, and the award ceiling is also $2,500,000. There is no cost sharing or matching requirement. The opportunity was posted on July 18, 2014, with an original and current closing date of November 20, 2014, and it was archived on December 21, 2014.
Eligibility is broad and spans many types of U.S.-based organizations, including public and private institutions of higher education, nonprofits (with and without 501(c)(3) status), for-profit organizations (other than small businesses), small businesses, state and local governments, independent school districts, public housing authorities/Indian housing authorities, and tribal governments and organizations (including federally recognized tribal governments). The eligibility language also calls out categories such as Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), Hispanic-serving institutions, Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs), Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions, and Asian American Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institutions (AANAPISIs), as well as faith-based or community-based organizations and eligible federal agencies. The announcement makes clear that non-U.S. (foreign) organizations and non-U.S. (foreign) institutions are not eligible to apply, and non-U.S. components of U.S. organizations are not eligible either; however, foreign components as defined under the NIH Grants Policy Statement are allowed, which typically means discrete elements of a project that may occur outside the U.S. under NIH rules even though the applicant organization must be eligible and primarily U.S.-based.
Operationally, prospective applicants were directed to the full announcement text hosted on the NIH grants website, and NIH provided contact support through the NIH Office of Extramural Research (OER) webmaster for access or linking problems. Overall, the opportunity is best understood as an NIH-backed, cooperative, multi-project effort to strengthen the mechanistic and translational foundation of pig-to-primate xenotransplantation, with explicit attention to both immunologic rejection/tolerance and the real-world physiologic performance of xenografts as a stepping stone toward eventual clinical deployment.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the "Immunobiology of Xenotransplantation (U19)" opportunity?
It is an NIH cooperative agreement funding opportunity titled "The Immunobiology of Xenotransplantation (U19)" (RFA-AI-14-047). It supports a coordinated research effort focused on xenotransplantation using preclinical pig-to-nonhuman primate (NHP) transplant models.
Which NIH program does this opportunity support?
This opportunity supports the Immunobiology of Xenotransplantation Cooperative Research Program (IXCRP), a multi-project, coordinated program intended to strengthen the mechanistic and translational foundation for xenotransplantation.
What does it mean that this is a U19 cooperative agreement?
A U19 cooperative agreement is a funding mechanism where NIH staff are expected to play an active, collaborative role in the program. In this opportunity, NIH is described as participating in a manner typical of a cooperative agreement rather than acting only as a passive funder.
What is the main research focus of the program?
The scientific focus is xenotransplantation using rigorous, clinically relevant preclinical pig-to-NHP transplant models, with the broader aim of accelerating progress toward safe and effective clinical xenotransplantation.
Which transplant models and graft types are emphasized?
The opportunity emphasizes clinically relevant animal models for porcine xenografts in NHP recipients, specifically including porcine islet, kidney, heart, lung, or liver xenografts.
What are the three central scientific goals of this program?
The program is organized around three goals: (1) mapping cellular and molecular mechanisms of xenograft rejection and mechanisms that enable tolerance; (2) developing practical strategies that measurably improve xenograft survival in preclinical models; and (3) studying physiological compatibility and limitations of xenografts that could affect translation even when immune barriers are controlled.
What kinds of immunology questions does the program prioritize?
The program prioritizes identifying cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive xenograft rejection and understanding tolerance mechanisms. It specifically notes that immune pathways and effector processes can differ from allotransplantation and may be uniquely intense in cross-species settings.
What kinds of approaches are included under strategies to improve xenograft survival?
The opportunity describes strategies such as immunomodulatory approaches, tolerance-induction strategies, and other interventions intended to overcome barriers that currently limit consistent long-term graft function in pig-to-NHP xenotransplant models.
Why does the program emphasize physiological compatibility in addition to immune rejection?
Because even if immunologic barriers are controlled, differences between pig organs/tissues and primate physiology can create functional constraints. The program emphasizes understanding these limitations because they matter for translation to eventual human clinical use.
What is the long-term objective of the IXCRP effort described here?
The long-term objective is to produce new, validated approaches that could realistically move xenotransplantation toward clinical use, building from mechanistic insights and clinically relevant preclinical performance data.
How much funding is available under this opportunity?
The total estimated funding amount listed is $2,500,000, and the award ceiling is also $2,500,000.
Is cost sharing or matching required?
No. The opportunity states there is no cost sharing or matching requirement.
What NIH/CFDA program areas are associated with this opportunity?
The opportunity is tied to NIH health research categories associated with CFDA numbers 93.855 (Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research) and 93.856 (Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research).
When was the opportunity posted and when did it close?
It was posted on July 18, 2014. The original and current closing date listed is November 20, 2014.
Is this opportunity still open?
No. The opportunity was archived on December 21, 2014, and the closing date listed is November 20, 2014.
Who is eligible to apply?
Eligibility is broad and includes many U.S.-based organization types, such as public and private institutions of higher education; nonprofits (with and without 501(c)(3) status); for-profit organizations (other than small businesses); small businesses; state and local governments; independent school districts; public housing authorities/Indian housing authorities; and tribal governments and organizations (including federally recognized tribal governments).
Are minority-serving institutions specifically included in the eligibility language?
Yes. The eligibility language explicitly calls out categories such as HBCUs, Hispanic-serving institutions, TCCUs, Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions, and AANAPISIs.
Are faith-based or community-based organizations eligible?
Yes. The eligibility description includes faith-based or community-based organizations.
Are federal agencies eligible to apply?
Yes. The eligibility description includes eligible federal agencies.
Are non-U.S. (foreign) organizations eligible to apply?
No. The announcement states that non-U.S. (foreign) organizations and non-U.S. (foreign) institutions are not eligible to apply.
Are non-U.S. components of U.S. organizations eligible?
No. The announcement states that non-U.S. components of U.S. organizations are not eligible.
Are any foreign activities allowed under this opportunity?
Yes, foreign components (as defined under the NIH Grants Policy Statement) are allowed, even though the applicant organization must be eligible and primarily U.S.-based.
Where were applicants directed to find the full announcement text?
Prospective applicants were directed to the full announcement text hosted on the NIH grants website.
Who was listed as the contact for access or linking problems?
NIH provided contact support through the NIH Office of Extramural Research (OER) webmaster for access or linking problems.
How should this opportunity be understood at a high level?
It is best understood as an NIH-backed, cooperative, multi-project effort to advance pig-to-primate xenotransplantation by strengthening mechanistic understanding of rejection and tolerance, improving graft survival through practical strategies, and evaluating real-world physiological performance to support eventual clinical translation.
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