Opportunity Information: Apply for PA 13 340
Apply for PA 13 340
- The National Institutes of Health in the education health sector is offering a public funding opportunity titled "Mechanisms of Alcohol and Stimulant Co Addiction (R21)" and is now available to receive applicants.
- Interested and eligible applicants and submit their applications by referencing the CFDA number(s): 93.273 Alcohol Research Programs 93.279 Drug Abuse and Addiction Research Programs.
- This funding opportunity was created on Aug 28, 2013 and posted on Aug 28, 2013.
- Applicants must submit their applications by Jan 7, 2017. (Agency may still review applications by suitable applicants for the remaining/unused allocated funding in 2026.)
- Each selected applicant is eligible to receive up to $200,000.00 in funding.
- Eligible applicants include: County governments State governments Public housing authorities/Indian housing authorities Native American tribal governments (Federally recognized) Nonprofits that do not have a 501(c)(3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education Small businesses City or township governments Others (see text field entitled Additional Information on Eligibility for clarification) For profit organizations other than small businesses Special district governments Public and State controlled institutions of higher education Independent school districts Native American tribal organizations (other than Federally recognized tribal governments) Nonprofits having a 501(c)(3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education Private institutions of higher education.
- Other Eligible Applicants include the following Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions Asian American Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institutions (AANAPISISs) Eligible Agencies of the Federal Government Faith based or Community based Organizations Hispanic serving Institutions Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) Indian/Native American Tribal Governments (Other than Federally Recognized) Non domestic (non U.S.) Entities (Foreign Organizations) Regional Organizations Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs) U.S. Territory or Possession Non domestic (non U.S.) Entities (Foreign Institutions) are eligible to apply. Non domestic (non U.S.) components of U.S. Organizations are eligible to apply. Foreign components, as defined in the NIH Grants Policy Statement, are allowed
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Opportunity Summary:
The NIH funding opportunity titled "Mechanisms of Alcohol and Stimulant Co Addiction (R21)" (Funding Opportunity Number PA 13-340) supported exploratory, early-stage research aimed at explaining why alcohol and stimulant drugs become so strongly linked in some people and how that pairing can drive co-addiction. The central goal was to encourage studies that dig into the underlying neurobiology and behavior involved when alcohol is used alongside stimulants, with a particular focus on the ways these substances might interact across multiple levels of analysis. Rather than treating alcohol use disorder and stimulant use disorder as separate problems, the program highlighted the need to understand their combined effects and the mechanisms that make co-use more reinforcing, more persistent, or harder to treat than either substance alone.
This FOA used the NIH R21 mechanism, which is typically intended for novel, high-impact ideas that are still at a formative stage, such as testing a new hypothesis, establishing feasibility, generating preliminary mechanistic evidence, or developing an innovative approach that could later be expanded under a larger grant. In practical terms, applicants were encouraged to propose projects that could reveal how alcohol and stimulants interact at genetic and epigenetic levels (for example, risk-related variants, gene expression changes, or durable regulation of transcription), at cellular and molecular levels (such as neurotransmitter systems, receptor signaling, synaptic plasticity, or neuroimmune responses), at neurocircuitry levels (including changes in reward, stress, habit, and executive control circuits), and at behavioral levels (including reinforcement processes, decision-making, impulsivity, craving, relapse vulnerability, and learning mechanisms that may be unique to co-use). The emphasis on mechanisms signaled that the program was looking for more than descriptive studies; it was aimed at research that can explain "how" and "why" co-addiction develops or persists.
From an administrative standpoint, the opportunity was a discretionary grant program offered by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and aligned with federal assistance listings for Alcohol Research Programs (CFDA 93.273) and Drug Abuse and Addiction Research Programs (CFDA 93.279). The announcement was posted on August 28, 2013, and remained open until its closing date of January 7, 2017, with an archive date of February 7, 2017, indicating it is no longer accepting applications. The award ceiling listed for the opportunity was $200,000, and there was no cost sharing or matching requirement, meaning applicants were not expected to provide non-federal matching funds as a condition of the award.
Eligibility was broad and included many types of domestic and international organizations. Eligible applicants encompassed state, county, city or township governments, special district governments, and independent school districts, as well as public and private institutions of higher education, and public or state-controlled universities. A wide range of nonprofit organizations could apply, including those with 501(c)(3) status and also certain nonprofits without 501(c)(3) status (as specified), and for-profit organizations were eligible as well, including small businesses and other for-profit entities beyond small businesses. The FOA also explicitly included Native American tribal governments (federally recognized) and tribal organizations that are not federally recognized, along with public housing authorities and Indian housing authorities. In addition, it listed a number of institution types and communities often highlighted in federal research funding for inclusion and capacity-building, such as HBCUs, Hispanic-serving institutions, AANAPISIs, Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs), Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian-serving institutions, and faith-based or community-based organizations. Importantly, non-U.S. entities were eligible: foreign organizations and foreign institutions could apply, non-U.S. components of U.S. organizations were eligible, and foreign components (as defined under NIH policy) were allowed, which opened the door to international collaborations and research sites when scientifically justified.
For applicants seeking more detail at the time, NIH provided the full announcement through its grants policy and FOA listing system (linked in the notice), and support contacts were provided through the NIH Office of Extramural Research (OER) webmaster for access or technical linking issues. Overall, PA 13-340 was designed to stimulate innovative mechanistic research that could clarify the biological and behavioral reasons alcohol and stimulants are so often co-used, and to generate knowledge that could ultimately inform better prevention strategies, more targeted interventions, and improved treatment approaches for people affected by co-addiction.
FAQs: Mechanisms of Alcohol and Stimulant Co-Addiction (R21) - NIH (PA 13-340)
What is the title and funding opportunity number for this NIH grant?
The opportunity is titled "Mechanisms of Alcohol and Stimulant Co Addiction (R21)" and the Funding Opportunity Number is PA 13-340.
What is the main purpose of this funding opportunity?
The program supported exploratory, early-stage research aimed at explaining why alcohol and stimulant drugs become strongly linked in some people and how that pairing can drive co-addiction. The focus was on identifying the underlying mechanisms that make combined alcohol and stimulant use more reinforcing, more persistent, or harder to treat than either substance alone.
What does the FOA mean by focusing on "mechanisms"?
The FOA emphasized studies that explain how and why co-addiction develops or persists, rather than studies that are purely descriptive. In practice, this means proposing work that tests mechanistic hypotheses about biological and behavioral processes involved in alcohol and stimulant co-use.
What grant mechanism did this opportunity use?
This FOA used the NIH R21 mechanism, which is commonly used for novel, potentially high-impact projects that are still in an early or formative stage.
What kinds of projects are a good fit for an NIH R21 in this FOA?
Projects were encouraged if they involved early-stage, innovative approaches such as testing a new hypothesis, establishing feasibility, generating preliminary mechanistic evidence, or developing a new method or approach that could later be expanded through a larger grant.
What research topic area was the FOA trying to advance?
The FOA targeted research on the neurobiology and behavior of alcohol used alongside stimulants, including the ways these substances might interact across multiple levels of analysis to promote co-use and co-addiction.
Did this program treat alcohol use disorder and stimulant use disorder as separate conditions?
No. A key theme of the FOA was the need to understand combined effects and shared or interacting mechanisms, rather than treating alcohol use disorder and stimulant use disorder as entirely separate problems.
What levels of analysis were encouraged for studying alcohol and stimulant co-use?
Applicants were encouraged to study interactions across multiple levels, including genetic and epigenetic, cellular and molecular, neurocircuitry, and behavioral levels.
What are examples of genetic or epigenetic topics that were encouraged?
Examples included risk-related genetic variants, gene expression changes, and durable regulation of transcription (epigenetic mechanisms) that could help explain vulnerability to co-use or the persistence of co-addiction.
What are examples of cellular and molecular mechanisms that were of interest?
Examples included neurotransmitter systems, receptor signaling, synaptic plasticity, and neuroimmune responses that may be involved in alcohol-stimulant interactions.
What neurocircuitry topics were emphasized?
The FOA highlighted potential changes in circuits involved in reward, stress, habit formation, and executive control as relevant targets for mechanistic study in co-addiction.
What behavioral mechanisms were considered relevant under this FOA?
Behavioral areas of interest included reinforcement processes, decision-making, impulsivity, craving, relapse vulnerability, and learning mechanisms that may be unique to or amplified by co-use.
What is the award ceiling listed for this opportunity?
The award ceiling listed for the opportunity was $200,000.
Was cost sharing or matching required?
No. The FOA stated there was no cost sharing or matching requirement, meaning applicants were not expected to provide non-federal matching funds as a condition of the award.
Which federal assistance listings (CFDA) were associated with this FOA?
The opportunity aligned with Alcohol Research Programs (CFDA 93.273) and Drug Abuse and Addiction Research Programs (CFDA 93.279).
When was the announcement posted?
The announcement was posted on August 28, 2013.
When did the funding opportunity close?
The FOA remained open until its closing date of January 7, 2017.
Is this funding opportunity still accepting applications?
No. It has an archive date of February 7, 2017, indicating the opportunity is no longer accepting applications.
Which agency offered this grant program?
This was a discretionary grant program offered by the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
What types of U.S. government organizations were eligible to apply?
Eligibility included state governments, county governments, city or township governments, special district governments, and independent school districts.
Were institutions of higher education eligible?
Yes. Public and private institutions of higher education were eligible, including public or state-controlled universities.
Were nonprofit organizations eligible?
Yes. Eligibility included nonprofits with 501(c)(3) status and certain nonprofits without 501(c)(3) status (as specified in the FOA information provided).
Were for-profit organizations eligible?
Yes. For-profit organizations were eligible, including small businesses and other for-profit entities beyond small businesses.
Were tribal governments and tribal organizations eligible?
Yes. The FOA included Native American tribal governments (federally recognized) and also tribal organizations that are not federally recognized.
Were public housing authorities eligible to apply?
Yes. Public housing authorities and Indian housing authorities were listed among eligible applicants.
Did the FOA include organizations like HBCUs and other minority-serving institutions?
Yes. It listed HBCUs, Hispanic-serving institutions, AANAPISIs, Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs), and Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian-serving institutions among eligible organization types.
Were faith-based or community-based organizations eligible?
Yes. Faith-based and community-based organizations were explicitly included among eligible applicants.
Could non-U.S. organizations apply?
Yes. The FOA stated that foreign organizations and foreign institutions were eligible to apply.
Were non-U.S. components of U.S. organizations allowed?
Yes. Non-U.S. components of U.S. organizations were listed as eligible.
Were foreign components allowed under NIH policy?
Yes. Foreign components (as defined under NIH policy) were allowed, supporting international collaborations or research sites when scientifically justified.
Where could applicants find the full announcement and official details?
NIH provided the full announcement through its grants policy and FOA listing system (linked in the notice).
Who was listed as a support contact for access or technical linking issues?
Support contacts were provided through the NIH Office of Extramural Research (OER) webmaster for access or technical linking issues.
What was the broader intended impact of the research supported by this FOA?
The FOA aimed to generate mechanistic knowledge that could inform better prevention strategies, more targeted interventions, and improved treatment approaches for people affected by alcohol and stimulant co-addiction.
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