Opportunity Information: Apply for W81XWH 16 R MSI2

  • The DOD-AMRAA in the science and technology and other research and development sector is offering a public funding opportunity titled "Medical Simulation and Information Sciences - INter-professional TEam-based Learning in Early Stages of Learning (Team_INTEL)" and is now available to receive applicants.
  • Interested and eligible applicants and submit their applications by referencing the CFDA number(s): 12.420.
  • This funding opportunity was created on Mar 28, 2016 and posted on Mar 28, 2016.
  • Applicants must submit their applications by Aug 29, 2016. (Agency may still review applications by suitable applicants for the remaining/unused allocated funding in 2026.)
  • Each selected applicant is eligible to receive up to $1,250,000.00 in funding.
  • Eligible applicants include: Unrestricted (i.e., open to any type of entity above), subject to any clarification in text field entitled Additional Information on Eligibility.
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Opportunity Summary:

The Medical Simulation and Information Sciences grant opportunity called INter-professional TEam-based Learning in Early Stages of Learning (Team_INTEL) is a Department of Defense research funding effort aimed at closing a specific gap in military medicine: teams often train heavily on individual clinical skills first, and only later try to figure out how to function as a coordinated unit during on-the-job experiences. The opportunity argues that this sequencing is risky and inefficient because strong individual performance does not automatically produce strong team performance. In the program's framing, competency is about the underlying building blocks of performance (skills, knowledge, attitudes) and how those change relative to peers, while proficiency is about demonstrated performance against observable behavioral standards and the quality of results produced. Team_INTEL emphasizes that moving from individual competence to team proficiency is its own capability, shaped by team expectations and group dynamics like collaboration, trust, and respect.

A central idea in the announcement is that medical training tends to evaluate patient risk factors against individual provider skill (for example, how well someone performs surgery, places a central line, administers anesthesia, or diagnoses illness and injury), but it should also evaluate patient risk factors against the performance of the assigned team (for example, communication, team process, safety culture, morale, and leadership). The solicitation highlights how misleading self-assessments of communication and teamwork can be, referencing prior civilian findings where surgeons rated teamwork positively while anesthesiologists and operating room staff rated it poorly, and where training improved some communication pathways but not others. Because military culture and hierarchy can differ from civilian hospital culture, the announcement points out that the same patterns may or may not carry over, and this uncertainty itself supports the need for targeted research in military settings.

The opportunity leans heavily on evidence that team cohesion and safer outcomes improve when the patient remains the organizing focus of the entire process, including structured pre-briefs and debriefs. In this view, pre-briefing and debriefing are not optional add-ons but essential mechanisms for patient safety, shared understanding, surfacing lessons learned, and making process corrections that support continuous improvement. High-performing teams are described as operating inside a culture of trust and respect for different professional roles, which helps reduce medical errors, close calls, morbidity, and mortality.

Team_INTEL distinguishes between two broad approaches to team development: Medical Team Training (MTT) and Medical Team-Based Learning (TBL). The solicitation notes that MTT has been used in both military and civilian environments, typically at more advanced stages of training, while TBL has been less widely integrated in medical contexts. The program positions TBL as particularly valuable for military medicine because it promotes adaptability, flexibility, and lifelong learning, which are critical when teams must operate across varied missions and clinical environments. TBL also stresses explicit role clarity and situation awareness before patient encounters, with an emphasis on not assuming shared understanding. The announcement calls out practical elements that should be present, such as identifying leadership, clarifying structure and goals, discussing expectations for the encounter, enabling open question-and-answer exchanges without fear of reprisal, and conducting a thorough debrief afterward.

What the DoD is seeking to fund, specifically, is research that can determine, define, and validate learning strategies that build inter-professional team-based learning early, at the point when teams are first forming and members are still learning each other's roles and responsibilities. The intent is to shift away from a training culture that concentrates on individual technical skills first and postpones team effectiveness until later. Projects are expected to use rigorous statistical methods to identify strong metrics and evaluation criteria for assessing team-based learning practice guidelines. Applicants are expected to clearly define what will be measured (both objective and subjective indicators), explain how it will be measured, and provide the measurement tools, whether those tools already exist commercially or would be developed through the award.

The program also expects proposals to be grounded in realistic, inter-professional participation. Research teams should involve varied clinical disciplines and include learners across the spectrum from novice to expert, potentially spanning different military services. Importantly, the solicitation discourages evaluations based only on students or entry-level trainees, because true team functioning in military medicine often depends on team leaders who are more advanced, higher rank, and influential in shaping team behavior. By including leaders as well as learners, the research is better positioned to measure whether a training approach actually changes team dynamics and performance in a durable way, including the ability to correct unproductive behaviors among those who have already worked in teams.

Another major requirement is generalizability. The model of training produced should be usable across services, across the continuum of care, and across multiple military contexts described as Roles 1 through 4 (spanning far-forward care through more established medical facilities). The anticipated end state is not just a conceptual framework but a validated model that can be implemented into data and knowledge systems and tested in a laboratory-type environment. The solicitation expects awardees to describe and define the interfaces involved, implying a practical, system-oriented outcome rather than purely descriptive research.

Finally, Team_INTEL signals that the resulting metrics, evaluation methods, and training approaches are intended to have broad reach beyond the immediate military context. The DoD anticipates that what is learned could be applied across military medicine, the Veterans Health Administration, academic medical settings, inpatient and outpatient care, rural health environments, private and public hospitals, and even international healthcare situations. Dissemination is an explicit expectation: outcomes, methodologies, analyses, and conclusions should be shared not only with the government and military stakeholders but also with the public, with public benefit encouraged.

From an administrative standpoint, the opportunity (W81XWH 16 R MSI2) was posted March 28, 2016 by DOD-AMRAA, with a closing date of August 29, 2016. The activity area is science and technology and other research and development under CFDA 12.420. The funding instruments listed include cooperative agreement, grant, and procurement contract, eligibility is described as unrestricted (open to any entity type, subject to any additional eligibility clarifications), and the listed award ceiling is $1,250,000.

Team_INTEL (INter-professional TEam-based Learning in Early Stages of Learning) Grant Opportunity FAQs

1) What is the Team_INTEL grant opportunity?

Team_INTEL (INter-professional TEam-based Learning in Early Stages of Learning) is a Department of Defense (DoD) Medical Simulation and Information Sciences research funding opportunity focused on improving how medical teams learn to function effectively together early in training, not only after individuals have mastered separate clinical skills.

2) What gap in military medicine is this opportunity trying to close?

The solicitation targets a training gap where medical personnel often develop individual clinical competence first (technical skills and knowledge), and only later attempt to learn team coordination through on-the-job experience. The DoD frames this sequence as risky and inefficient because strong individual performance does not automatically translate into strong team performance.

3) Why does the DoD emphasize team performance rather than only individual performance?

According to the announcement, patient outcomes and safety are influenced not only by the skill of individual providers but also by the performance of the assigned team. Team factors include communication, team processes, safety culture, morale, and leadership. The program argues that patient risk should be evaluated against both individual provider capability and team effectiveness.

4) How does the opportunity define competence vs proficiency?

In the program framing, competence refers to the underlying building blocks of performance (skills, knowledge, attitudes) and how those change relative to peers. Proficiency refers to demonstrated performance measured against observable behavioral standards and the quality of results produced. Team_INTEL treats the transition from individual competence to team proficiency as its own capability, shaped by team expectations and group dynamics.

5) What team dynamics are highlighted as important in Team_INTEL?

The solicitation emphasizes collaboration, trust, and respect among roles and professions as key drivers of high-performing teams. It also stresses that the patient should remain the organizing focus of the entire process, supported by structured pre-briefs and debriefs.

6) Why are pre-briefs and debriefs treated as essential (not optional)?

Team_INTEL describes pre-briefing and debriefing as essential mechanisms to improve patient safety, build shared understanding, surface lessons learned, and enable process corrections that support continuous improvement.

7) What evidence or observations does the solicitation cite about teamwork assessment?

The announcement notes that self-assessments of teamwork and communication can be misleading. It references prior civilian findings where surgeons rated teamwork positively while anesthesiologists and operating room staff rated it poorly, and where training improved some communication pathways but not others. The solicitation also notes that military culture and hierarchy may differ from civilian settings, so these patterns may or may not carry over, which supports the need for targeted research in military contexts.

8) What are the two broad approaches to team development discussed in the solicitation?

The opportunity distinguishes between Medical Team Training (MTT) and Medical Team-Based Learning (TBL). It notes that MTT has been used in both military and civilian environments and is typically applied at more advanced stages of training, while TBL has been less widely integrated in medical contexts.

9) Why does Team_INTEL position Team-Based Learning (TBL) as especially valuable?

The program positions TBL as particularly valuable for military medicine because it promotes adaptability, flexibility, and lifelong learning, which are important when teams must operate across varied missions and clinical environments.

10) What practical elements does the solicitation expect in team-based learning approaches?

The announcement calls out practical elements such as identifying leadership, clarifying structure and goals, discussing expectations for the encounter, enabling open question-and-answer exchanges without fear of reprisal, emphasizing role clarity and situation awareness before patient encounters, and conducting thorough debriefs afterward.

11) What is the DoD specifically seeking to fund under Team_INTEL?

The DoD is seeking research that can determine, define, and validate learning strategies that build inter-professional team-based learning early, when teams are first forming and members are still learning each other’s roles and responsibilities. The intent is to shift away from training cultures that prioritize individual technical skills first and delay team effectiveness until later.

12) What kind of research rigor is expected for evaluation and metrics?

Projects are expected to use rigorous statistical methods to identify strong metrics and evaluation criteria for assessing team-based learning practice guidelines. Applicants are expected to clearly define what will be measured (including objective and subjective indicators), explain how it will be measured, and provide the measurement tools, whether commercially available or developed through the award.

13) What kinds of measures does Team_INTEL expect applicants to include?

Based on the solicitation language, applicants should define both objective and subjective indicators of team-based learning and team performance, explain the measurement approach, and provide the instruments/tools used to collect the data.

14) Who should participate in the proposed research (learners and disciplines)?

The solicitation expects realistic inter-professional participation. Research teams should involve varied clinical disciplines and include learners across the spectrum from novice to expert, potentially spanning different military services.

15) Are proposals focused only on students or entry-level trainees encouraged?

No. The solicitation discourages evaluations based only on students or entry-level trainees. It notes that true team functioning in military medicine often depends on team leaders who are more advanced, higher rank, and influential in shaping team behavior.

16) Why does the announcement emphasize including leaders as well as learners?

Including leaders along with learners is presented as important for measuring whether a training approach changes team dynamics and performance in a durable way, including the ability to correct unproductive behaviors among those who have already worked in teams.

17) What does the solicitation mean by generalizability?

The training model produced should be usable across services, across the continuum of care, and across multiple military contexts described as Roles 1 through 4 (from far-forward care through more established medical facilities).

18) What is the anticipated end state or deliverable of the research?

The solicitation anticipates more than a conceptual framework. It calls for a validated model that can be implemented into data and knowledge systems and tested in a laboratory-type environment. Awardees are expected to describe and define the interfaces involved, implying a practical, system-oriented outcome.

19) What dissemination expectations are described?

Dissemination is an explicit expectation. Outcomes, methodologies, analyses, and conclusions should be shared with government and military stakeholders and also with the public, with public benefit encouraged.

20) Is the work intended to be relevant beyond the immediate military setting?

Yes. The DoD anticipates applicability across military medicine, the Veterans Health Administration, academic medical settings, inpatient and outpatient care, rural health environments, private and public hospitals, and international healthcare situations.

21) What is the opportunity number and administering office listed?

The opportunity is identified as W81XWH 16 R MSI2 and was posted by DOD-AMRAA.

22) When was the opportunity posted and what was the closing date?

It was posted on March 28, 2016, with a closing date of August 29, 2016.

23) What is the activity area and CFDA number?

The activity area is listed as science and technology and other research and development under CFDA 12.420.

24) What funding instruments are listed for this opportunity?

The funding instruments listed include cooperative agreement, grant, and procurement contract.

25) Who is eligible to apply?

Eligibility is described as unrestricted (open to any entity type), subject to any additional eligibility clarifications that may apply in the full solicitation.

26) What is the award ceiling?

The listed award ceiling is $1,250,000.

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