Opportunity Information: Apply for RFA AI 13 024
Apply for RFA AI 13 024
- The National Institutes of Health in the health sector is offering a public funding opportunity titled "Pharmacological Approaches to Evaluating Drug Regimens to Address Antimicrobial Resistance (R01)" and is now available to receive applicants.
- Interested and eligible applicants and submit their applications by referencing the CFDA number(s): 93.855 Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research 93.856 Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research.
- This funding opportunity was created on Apr 18, 2013 and posted on Apr 18, 2013.
- Applicants must submit their applications by Jul 30, 2013. (Agency may still review applications by suitable applicants for the remaining/unused allocated funding in 2026.)
- The funding agency has allocated a total of $5,500,000.00 to eligible and selected applicants.
- Eligible applicants include: County governments City or township governments For profit organizations other than small businesses State governments Private institutions of higher education Others (see text field entitled Additional Information on Eligibility for clarification) Small businesses Nonprofits having a 501(c)(3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education Independent school districts Public housing authorities/Indian housing authorities Native American tribal organizations (other than Federally recognized tribal governments) Public and State controlled institutions of higher education Special district governments Nonprofits that do not have a 501(c)(3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education Native American tribal governments (Federally recognized).
- Other Eligible Applicants include the following Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions Asian American Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institutions (AANAPISISs) Eligible Agencies of the Federal Government Faith based or Community based Organizations Hispanic serving Institutions Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) Indian/Native American Tribal Governments (Other than Federally Recognized) Non domestic (non U.S.) Entities (Foreign Organizations) Regional Organizations Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs) U.S. Territory or Possession.
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Opportunity Summary:
Pharmacological Approaches to Evaluating Drug Regimens to Address Antimicrobial Resistance (R01) is a National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant opportunity that was designed to fund research focused on how antimicrobial drug exposure drives, prevents, or reshapes the development of antimicrobial resistance. The central idea is to use pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) approaches to study how drug concentrations over time (PK) and the resulting effects on microbes (PD) interact with host biology and microbial adaptation. Rather than looking at single agents in isolation, this opportunity specifically emphasizes drug combinations and sequential (or "sequenced") treatment strategies, reflecting the real-world clinical challenge where patients often receive multiple antimicrobials either at the same time or one after another. The ultimate goal is practical: generate evidence that can help design dosing regimens and therapeutic strategies that minimize the chance that clinically important pathogens will evolve resistance during treatment.
A key scientific priority in this FOA is rigorous testing in relevant experimental systems. Applicants are expected to conduct PK/PD studies using in vitro models (such as time-kill systems, hollow-fiber infection models, or other controlled exposure platforms) and animal models that meaningfully reproduce features of infection and treatment seen in patients. These models are meant to help disentangle several linked drivers of resistance emergence, including drug penetration to the site of infection, exposure variability, microbial burden, immune pressures, pathogen genetics, and the selective window where drug concentrations are high enough to stress bacteria but not high enough to eradicate them. By testing combinations and sequences of agents, the research supported under this FOA aims to identify regimens that suppress bacterial populations more effectively and reduce selective pressure patterns that favor resistant subpopulations.
Another major theme is translation across disciplines. The FOA explicitly highlights the need to build partnerships among antimicrobial pharmacologists, microbiologists, and animal model experts. That emphasis reflects a known bottleneck in antimicrobial development and stewardship: PK/PD and modeling insights are often generated separately from microbiology and pathogenesis work, and the results do not always feed cleanly into actionable therapeutic strategies. By encouraging team-based projects that connect drug exposure science with microbial resistance mechanisms and realistic infection models, the FOA aims to bridge the gap between foundational pharmacology research and the translational evidence needed to guide clinical management of drug resistance.
From an administrative standpoint, this is an R01 research project grant, categorized as discretionary funding within NIH's health research mission. The funding opportunity number is RFA-AI-13-024, and the program is aligned with NIH activity in Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research (CFDA 93.855) and Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research (CFDA 93.856). The estimated total funding listed for the opportunity was $5,500,000, and there was no cost sharing or matching requirement, which typically means applicants were not required to commit non-federal funds as a condition of award. The announcement was posted on April 18, 2013, with an original and final closing date of July 30, 2013, and an archive date of August 30, 2013, indicating the FOA is historical and no longer open, but still useful as a blueprint for the type of research NIH has sought to support in antimicrobial resistance and PK/PD regimen design.
Eligibility was broad and included a wide range of domestic and non-domestic institutions and organizations. Eligible applicants listed include federal, state, local, and tribal governments; public and private institutions of higher education; nonprofit organizations (both 501(c)(3) and non-501(c)(3)); for-profit organizations other than small businesses as well as small businesses; independent school districts; public housing authorities; special district governments; and foreign organizations and regional organizations. The FOA also explicitly called out eligibility for institutions serving specific communities, such as Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), Hispanic-serving institutions, Tribal Colleges and Universities (TCCUs), Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian-serving institutions, and Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-serving institutions (AANAPISIs), among others, along with faith-based and community-based organizations and U.S. territories or possessions. In practice, that scope signals NIH interest in drawing from a diverse set of research environments and encouraging participation by institutions with different strengths in pharmacology, microbiology, modeling, and infectious disease research.
In short, this grant opportunity was aimed at supporting well-designed PK/PD-driven studies of antimicrobial combinations and sequencing strategies in in vitro and animal infection models, with a strong focus on understanding and preventing the emergence of resistance in clinically relevant pathogens. It also placed real value on collaborative, cross-disciplinary teams that can connect drug exposure science to microbial dynamics and translational decision-making, ultimately to inform smarter regimens that preserve antimicrobial effectiveness.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the name of this NIH grant opportunity?
The opportunity is titled Pharmacological Approaches to Evaluating Drug Regimens to Address Antimicrobial Resistance (R01).
What type of NIH award mechanism is this?
This funding opportunity uses the R01 Research Project Grant mechanism.
What is the funding opportunity number (FOA number)?
The FOA number is RFA-AI-13-024.
What is the main scientific purpose of this FOA?
The purpose is to fund research on how antimicrobial drug exposure can drive, prevent, or reshape the development of antimicrobial resistance, with the practical goal of generating evidence to design dosing regimens and therapeutic strategies that reduce the chance that clinically important pathogens evolve resistance during treatment.
What does the FOA emphasize about pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD)?
The FOA centers on using PK/PD approaches to study how drug concentrations over time (pharmacokinetics, PK) and the effects on microbes (pharmacodynamics, PD) interact with host biology and microbial adaptation.
Does this FOA focus on single antimicrobial agents or more complex regimens?
It specifically emphasizes drug combinations and sequential (sequenced) treatment strategies, rather than studying single agents in isolation.
Why are combinations and sequential regimens a priority in this announcement?
The emphasis reflects real-world clinical practice where patients often receive multiple antimicrobials, either concurrently or one after another. The FOA aims to identify regimens that suppress bacterial populations more effectively and reduce selective pressure patterns that favor resistant subpopulations.
What kinds of experimental systems are expected for PK/PD testing?
Applicants are expected to conduct PK/PD studies using both in vitro models (for example, time-kill systems, hollow-fiber infection models, or other controlled exposure platforms) and animal models that meaningfully reproduce features of infection and treatment seen in patients.
What kinds of in vitro models are explicitly mentioned?
The FOA mentions time-kill systems, hollow-fiber infection models, and other controlled exposure platforms as examples of relevant in vitro approaches.
What is the role of animal models in this FOA?
Animal models are expected to be used in ways that meaningfully reproduce clinically relevant features of infection and treatment, helping connect drug exposure patterns with microbial outcomes in a living host context.
What resistance-related drivers does the FOA want investigators to disentangle?
The FOA describes several linked drivers of resistance emergence, including:
- Drug penetration to the site of infection
- Exposure variability
- Microbial burden
- Immune pressures
- Pathogen genetics
- The selective window where concentrations stress bacteria but do not eradicate them
What does the FOA mean by the "selective window"?
In the context provided, the selective window refers to drug concentrations that are high enough to stress bacteria but not high enough to eradicate them, potentially favoring the emergence of resistant subpopulations.
What is the ultimate goal of the research supported by this FOA?
The goal is to generate evidence that can help design dosing regimens and therapeutic strategies that minimize the chance that clinically important pathogens evolve resistance during treatment, thereby preserving antimicrobial effectiveness.
Does the FOA emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration?
Yes. A major theme is translation across disciplines, and the FOA explicitly highlights the need for partnerships among antimicrobial pharmacologists, microbiologists, and animal model experts.
Why does the FOA encourage team-based, cross-disciplinary projects?
Because PK/PD and modeling insights are often produced separately from microbiology and pathogenesis work, and the FOA aims to bridge that gap so results can feed into actionable therapeutic strategies and translational decision-making.
How much total funding was estimated for this opportunity?
The estimated total funding listed for the opportunity was $5,500,000.
Is cost sharing or matching required?
No. The FOA states there was no cost sharing or matching requirement.
When was the announcement posted?
The announcement was posted on April 18, 2013.
What were the application due dates?
The FOA lists an original and final closing date of July 30, 2013.
Is this FOA currently open for applications?
No. The FOA is historical. It has an archive date of August 30, 2013, indicating it is no longer open, though it may still be useful as a blueprint for the type of research NIH has supported in antimicrobial resistance and PK/PD regimen design.
Which NIH mission area or research alignment is referenced?
The FOA is aligned with NIH activity in Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research and Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research.
What CFDA program numbers are associated with this FOA?
The FOA references CFDA 93.855 (Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research) and CFDA 93.856 (Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research).
Who was eligible to apply?
Eligibility was broad and included many domestic and non-domestic entities, such as federal, state, local, and tribal governments; public and private institutions of higher education; nonprofit organizations (501(c)(3) and non-501(c)(3)); for-profit organizations (including small businesses and other than small businesses); independent school districts; public housing authorities; special district governments; and foreign and regional organizations.
Are foreign organizations eligible?
Yes. The eligible applicant types explicitly include foreign organizations and regional organizations.
Does the FOA highlight eligibility for minority-serving and community-focused institutions?
Yes. It explicitly calls out eligibility for institutions serving specific communities, including HBCUs, Hispanic-serving institutions, Tribal Colleges and Universities (TCCUs), Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian-serving institutions, and AANAPISIs, as well as faith-based and community-based organizations and U.S. territories or possessions.
What kinds of research topics fit best with the FOA as described?
Research that uses PK/PD-driven experimental studies to evaluate how antimicrobial combinations and sequenced regimens influence resistance emergence in clinically relevant pathogens, especially when tested in rigorous in vitro systems and animal infection models designed to reflect patient-like infection and treatment features.
Does the FOA position this work as relevant to antimicrobial development and stewardship?
Yes. The FOA frames the work as addressing a bottleneck in antimicrobial development and stewardship by connecting drug exposure science with microbiology, pathogenesis, and realistic infection modeling to inform practical therapeutic strategies.
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