Opportunity Information: Apply for RFA AI 09 040
Apply for RFA AI 09 040
- The National Institutes of Health in the health recovery act sector is offering a public funding opportunity titled "Recovery Act Limited Competition Protection of Human Health by Immunology and Vaccines (U01, U19)" and is now available to receive applicants.
- Interested and eligible applicants and submit their applications by referencing the CFDA number(s): 93.701 Trans NIH Recovery Act Research Support.
- This funding opportunity was created on Jun 2, 2009 and posted on Jun 2, 2009.
- Applicants must submit their applications by Oct 15, 2009. (Agency may still review applications by suitable applicants for the remaining/unused allocated funding in 2026.)
- Eligible applicants include: Special district governments For profit organizations other than small businesses County governments Small businesses Native American tribal organizations (other than Federally recognized tribal governments) Nonprofits having a 501(c)(3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education Public housing authorities/Indian housing authorities Native American tribal governments (Federally recognized) Private institutions of higher education State governments Public and State controlled institutions of higher education Nonprofits that do not have a 501(c)(3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education Others (see text field entitled Additional Information on Eligibility for clarification) City or township governments Independent school districts.
- Other Eligible Applicants include the following Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions Eligible Agencies of the Federal Government Faith based or Community based Organizations Hispanic serving Institutions Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) Indian/Native American Tribal Governments (Other than Federally Recognized) Regional Organizations Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs) U.S. Territory or Possession The following organizations/institutions are eligible to apply. Consistent with the purposes of the Recovery Act (in particular, to preserve and create jobs and promote economic recovery in the United States, and to provide investments needed to increase economic efficiency by spurring technological advances in science and health), applicants must be a domestic (United States) institution/organization. The United States institution/organization must be located in the 50 states, territories and possessions of the U.S., Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, or District of Columbia. NIH encourages applications from all interested organization/institutions, including those from Institutional Development Award (IDeA) states and Academic Research Enhancement Award (AREA) eligible institutions. Foreign organizations/institutions are not permitted as the applicant organization.
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Opportunity Summary:
The Recovery Act Limited Competition Protection of Human Health by Immunology and Vaccines (U01, U19) funding opportunity (RFA-AI-09-040) was an NIH initiative, led by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), using American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) funds to rapidly expand U.S.-based capacity for advanced human immunology profiling. The central goal was to build a coordinated network of research groups capable of measuring and comparing how real human immune systems respond under different, clinically relevant conditions. Rather than focusing on animal models or isolated laboratory systems, the program emphasized human cohort studies and high-dimensional immune profiling so researchers could capture the breadth and variability of immune responses across people.
Scientifically, the announcement targeted three main study settings: immune responses after natural infection; immune responses before and after vaccination against an infectious disease; and immune responses before and after treatment with an immune adjuvant, specifically one that acts through known innate immune receptors. Applicants were expected to take advantage of then-recent advances in immune profiling and systems-level measurement, including bioinformatics, multiplexed assays, and systems biology strategies. The work was framed around generating deep molecular and cellular readouts from well-characterized cohorts, with particular interest in measuring components of the transcriptome and/or proteome to understand immune activation patterns, correlates of protection, and the diversity of responses between individuals.
The program used cooperative agreement mechanisms (U01 and U19), meaning awardees would not operate in isolation the way they might under a standard research project grant. Instead, NIH anticipated active programmatic involvement to help shape a coordinated, collaborative network, align methods where appropriate, and enable cross-site projects and shared infrastructure. The opportunity explicitly sought applications from either single domestic institutions or consortia of institutions, reflecting an expectation that many projects would require multidisciplinary teams, specialized platforms, and access to established cohorts and biorepositories.
Funding levels were substantial for the time and were structured to support both individual awards and shared network needs. NIAID planned to commit about $20 million in total costs in fiscal year 2010. Included within that total was an Infrastructure and Opportunities Fund designed to strengthen consortium-wide capabilities and allow the network to move quickly on joint priorities. That fund was described as up to $2 million total costs in year one and up to $5 million total costs per year in years two through five, supporting things like consortium infrastructure, collaborative and pilot projects, and new research opportunities that could emerge after awards were made. While ARRA funds supported the FOA in FY2010 only, NIAID anticipated covering four additional future years of support (FY2011 to FY2014), effectively positioning the Recovery Act investment as a launch point for a multi-year research network. The expected award count was 6 to 10 cooperative agreements in FY2010, dependent on application quality and available funds.
Eligibility was broadly defined across U.S. organizations, but with a firm domestic requirement consistent with Recovery Act goals of job creation and economic stimulus within the United States. Eligible applicants included public and private institutions of higher education, nonprofits (with or without 501(c)(3) status), for-profit organizations (including small businesses), state and local governments, tribal governments and tribal organizations, public housing authorities, independent school districts, and a range of mission-focused institutions such as HBCUs, Hispanic-serving institutions, tribally controlled colleges and universities, Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian-serving institutions, and organizations in U.S. territories or possessions. Foreign organizations were not permitted as the applicant organization, and NIH also encouraged participation from IDeA states and AREA-eligible institutions to broaden the geographic distribution of research capacity.
Administratively, the opportunity was categorized under Health and the Recovery Act and was posted June 2, 2009 with an application closing date of October 15, 2009 (archived November 15, 2009). It carried no cost-sharing or matching requirement. Overall, the FOA can be read as a targeted Recovery Act investment to accelerate systems-level human immunology research, standardize and scale immune profiling approaches, and produce data and infrastructure that could improve understanding of infection, vaccination, and innate immune adjuvant effects in real human populations.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the purpose of RFA-AI-09-040?
RFA-AI-09-040 (Recovery Act Limited Competition Protection of Human Health by Immunology and Vaccines) was an NIH funding opportunity led by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Its purpose was to rapidly expand U.S.-based capacity for advanced, systems-level human immunology profiling by building a coordinated network of research groups that could measure and compare human immune responses under clinically relevant conditions.
Which NIH institute led this funding opportunity?
The initiative was led by NIAID (the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases), an institute within NIH.
What was the central scientific goal of the program?
The central goal was to create a coordinated network of research teams capable of generating high-dimensional immune profiling data from well-characterized human cohorts, enabling comparisons of how real human immune systems respond across different conditions and across individuals.
Did this program focus on human studies or animal models?
The program emphasized human cohort studies and high-dimensional immune profiling. It was framed around measuring immune responses in real human populations rather than focusing on animal models or isolated laboratory systems.
What types of study settings were specifically targeted?
The announcement targeted three main study settings:
- Immune responses after natural infection
- Immune responses before and after vaccination against an infectious disease
- Immune responses before and after treatment with an immune adjuvant that acts through known innate immune receptors
What kinds of scientific approaches and technologies were expected?
Applicants were expected to take advantage of then-recent advances in immune profiling and systems-level measurement, including bioinformatics, multiplexed assays, and systems biology strategies. The program was particularly interested in deep molecular and cellular readouts from cohorts, including measurement of components of the transcriptome and/or proteome.
What was the program trying to learn from the immune profiling data?
The FOA emphasized understanding immune activation patterns, identifying correlates of protection, and characterizing the diversity and variability of immune responses between individuals using high-dimensional profiling in clinically relevant contexts.
What funding mechanisms were used?
The opportunity used cooperative agreement mechanisms: U01 and U19.
What does it mean that this was a cooperative agreement (U01, U19)?
Under cooperative agreements, awardees were not expected to operate in isolation as they might under a standard research project grant. NIH anticipated active programmatic involvement to shape a coordinated, collaborative network, align methods where appropriate, and enable cross-site projects and shared infrastructure.
Were applications expected from single institutions, consortia, or both?
Both were explicitly sought. The FOA encouraged applications from either single domestic institutions or consortia of institutions, reflecting that many projects might require multidisciplinary teams, specialized platforms, and access to established cohorts and biorepositories.
How much total funding did NIAID plan to commit?
NIAID planned to commit approximately $20 million in total costs in fiscal year 2010 for this program.
How many awards were expected?
The expected number of awards was 6 to 10 cooperative agreements in fiscal year 2010, depending on application quality and the availability of funds.
What was the Infrastructure and Opportunities Fund?
The FOA included an Infrastructure and Opportunities Fund intended to strengthen consortium-wide capabilities and help the network move quickly on joint priorities.
How large was the Infrastructure and Opportunities Fund?
The Infrastructure and Opportunities Fund was described as:
- Up to $2 million total costs in year one
- Up to $5 million total costs per year in years two through five
What kinds of activities could the Infrastructure and Opportunities Fund support?
The fund was described as supporting consortium infrastructure, collaborative and pilot projects, and new research opportunities that could emerge after awards were made.
Were ARRA (Recovery Act) funds used for multiple years?
ARRA funds supported the FOA in fiscal year 2010 only. However, NIAID anticipated covering four additional future years of support (FY2011 to FY2014), positioning the Recovery Act investment as a launch point for a multi-year research network.
Was there a domestic (U.S.-based) requirement for applicants?
Yes. Eligibility was broadly defined across U.S. organizations, but with a firm domestic requirement consistent with Recovery Act goals of job creation and economic stimulus within the United States.
Were foreign organizations allowed to apply as the applicant organization?
No. Foreign organizations were not permitted as the applicant organization.
What types of organizations were eligible to apply?
Eligible applicants included a wide range of U.S. organizations, including:
- Public and private institutions of higher education
- Nonprofits (with or without 501(c)(3) status)
- For-profit organizations (including small businesses)
- State and local governments
- Tribal governments and tribal organizations
- Public housing authorities
- Independent school districts
- U.S. territory or possession organizations
- Mission-focused institutions such as HBCUs, Hispanic-serving institutions, tribally controlled colleges and universities, and Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian-serving institutions
Did NIH encourage applications from specific U.S. regions or institution types?
Yes. NIH encouraged participation from IDeA states and AREA-eligible institutions to broaden the geographic distribution of research capacity.
Was cost sharing or matching required?
No. The opportunity carried no cost-sharing or matching requirement.
When was the funding opportunity posted and when did it close?
It was posted on June 2, 2009. The application closing date was October 15, 2009. The opportunity was archived on November 15, 2009.
How was this opportunity categorized?
Administratively, it was categorized under Health and the Recovery Act.
What is the overall takeaway from this FOA?
The FOA can be understood as a targeted Recovery Act investment designed to accelerate systems-level human immunology research in the United States, standardize and scale immune profiling approaches across a coordinated network, and produce data and infrastructure to improve understanding of immune responses to infection, vaccination, and innate immune adjuvant effects in real human populations.
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