Research to Advance the Understanding and Management of the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome in Children (R01) | Apply Online

Opportunity Summary:

The grant opportunity "Research to Advance the Understanding and Management of the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome in Children (R01)" (Funding Opportunity Number PAR-16-196) is a National Institutes of Health (NIH) research project grant announcement under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). It is designed to build a sustained program of research focused on pediatric multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), a serious and often life-threatening condition in which two or more organ systems fail in critically ill children. The central motivation behind the announcement is that MODS is relatively common in pediatric critical care settings and carries high rates of illness and death, yet there are still major gaps in how the syndrome develops, how best to track it in real time, and which interventions most effectively prevent progression or improve recovery. The FOA aims to push the field forward by supporting studies that clarify mechanisms, improve monitoring and prediction, and test strategies to prevent or treat MODS in children.

The scientific scope is intentionally broad, allowing investigators to approach MODS from multiple angles, including basic, translational, and clinical research. The FOA highlights several major areas of interest: epidemiology (how often MODS occurs, in which populations, and under what circumstances), pathophysiology (the biological processes that drive organ dysfunction and how organ systems interact during critical illness), monitoring (biomarkers, clinical scoring systems, physiologic signals, and other tools that help detect MODS early or track severity), and treatment (therapeutic approaches to stop organ injury, support failing organs, and promote recovery). The announcement also emphasizes the need for exploratory and longitudinal work, reflecting an interest in studies that follow children over time to understand trajectories of illness, long-term consequences, and the factors that predict outcomes.

A key feature of this opportunity is encouragement to study MODS in the context of specific underlying causes and clinical settings. The FOA explicitly calls out multiple etiologies and conditions commonly associated with pediatric MODS, including sepsis, trauma, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), inborn errors of metabolism, burns, cancer, transplantation, and congenital heart disease. This framing recognizes that MODS is not a single disease but a syndrome that can arise from different triggers, and that the pathways to organ failure and the most effective interventions may differ depending on the initiating insult and the child’s baseline health. Proposals can therefore focus on generalizable MODS mechanisms across causes, or drill down into cause-specific pathways and tailored interventions.

In terms of study design, the FOA is flexible and welcoming of many methodologies. Projects may range from basic science experiments and animal models aimed at uncovering mechanistic pathways, to clinical and translational studies that connect lab findings to patient care. On the clinical side, the announcement allows for rigorous prospective studies, including randomized controlled trials when appropriate, as well as other designs suited to the research question. This openness is meant to accelerate discovery across the pipeline: identifying candidate mechanisms and targets, developing and validating monitoring approaches, and ultimately testing interventions that could change clinical practice.

From an administrative and eligibility standpoint, this is a discretionary grant using the NIH R01 mechanism, which typically supports investigator-initiated, hypothesis-driven research projects. Eligible applicants are broad and include many types of organizations: state, county, and local governments; special district governments; independent school districts; public and private institutions of higher education; federally recognized Native American tribal governments and other tribal organizations; public housing authorities/Indian housing authorities; nonprofits with or without 501(c)(3) status (excluding institutions of higher education in those nonprofit categories); for-profit organizations other than small businesses; small businesses; and other entities as described in the announcement’s additional eligibility details. The relevant CFDA numbers listed are 93.865 (which corresponds to NIH research programs). The opportunity was posted on April 15, 2016, with an original and current closing date of May 7, 2019. The provided source fields do not specify an award ceiling or the expected number of awards, suggesting those details were either not fixed in the summary data or were handled through NIH standard budgeting and peer review practices.

The expected impact of research funded through this FOA is practical as well as scientific. By deepening understanding of how pediatric MODS begins and evolves, improving tools to detect and monitor it, and identifying or validating effective treatments, the program is intended to lead to better outcomes for critically ill children. The long-term goal is to reduce the burden of MODS by enabling earlier recognition, more precise risk stratification, more targeted therapies, and improved survival and recovery, including potentially better long-term health after discharge from intensive care.

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