Opportunity Information: Apply for RFA AI 11 009
Apply for RFA AI 11 009
- The National Institutes of Health in the health sector is offering a public funding opportunity titled "Targeting Resistance in Select Gram Negative Pathogens (R21/R33)" and is now available to receive applicants.
- Interested and eligible applicants and submit their applications by referencing the CFDA number(s): 93.855 Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation Research 93.856 Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research.
- This funding opportunity was created on Feb 10, 2011 and posted on Feb 10, 2011.
- Applicants must submit their applications by May 26, 2011. (Agency may still review applications by suitable applicants for the remaining/unused allocated funding in 2026.)
- Eligible applicants include: State governments City or township governments Nonprofits having a 501(c)(3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education Special district governments County governments For profit organizations other than small businesses Small businesses Native American tribal organizations (other than Federally recognized tribal governments) Nonprofits that do not have a 501(c)(3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education Independent school districts Native American tribal governments (Federally recognized) Public housing authorities/Indian housing authorities Others (see text field entitled Additional Information on Eligibility for clarification) Public and State controlled institutions of higher education Private institutions of higher education.
- Other Eligible Applicants include the following Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions Eligible Agencies of the Federal Government Faith based or Community based Organizations Hispanic serving Institutions Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) Indian/Native American Tribal Governments (Other than Federally Recognized) Non domestic (non U.S.) Entities (Foreign Organizations) Regional Organizations Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs) U.S. Territory or Possession.
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Opportunity Summary:
The Targeting Resistance in Select Gram Negative Pathogens (R21/R33) opportunity (Funding Opportunity Number RFA-AI-11-009) was a discretionary National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant solicitation aimed at accelerating basic translational research that could lead to practical antibacterial technologies designed to get around, neutralize, or otherwise circumvent antibiotic resistance in selected gram-negative bacteria. In plain terms, the program was meant to push the field beyond describing resistance mechanisms and toward building and testing tangible countermeasures, especially approaches that could ultimately be translated into tools, therapeutics, or enabling technologies that work even when conventional antibiotics fail.
The scientific focus centered on gram-negative pathogens, a group that is notoriously difficult to treat because of features like their outer membrane barrier, efficient efflux pumps, and the rapid spread of resistance genes. The intent of the announcement was to support research that directly targets resistance and enables antibacterial activity despite it. While the short description does not enumerate specific organisms or methods, the title and NIH program framing indicate interest in strategies such as inhibitors of resistance mechanisms, methods that restore the effectiveness of existing antibiotics, new drug delivery or penetration approaches that overcome the gram-negative envelope, and other platform technologies that could be adapted to multiple resistant organisms. The “basic translational” wording signals a preference for projects that include foundational mechanistic insight but are explicitly oriented toward creating and validating a usable anti-resistance technology, rather than purely descriptive microbiology.
This funding used the NIH grant mechanism structured as R21/R33, which typically indicates a phased innovation pathway: an initial exploratory or proof-of-concept stage (R21) followed by a subsequent development or expansion stage (R33) that can be triggered by meeting specific milestones. In practice, that kind of structure is designed to encourage high-impact, higher-risk ideas early on, while also building in a way to continue support if the technology demonstrates clear feasibility, performance, and translational promise. The funding instrument type was a grant, and the activity category was health, tied to CFDA numbers 93.855 (Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation Research) and 93.856 (Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research, which aligns closely with antibacterial resistance and infectious disease technology development). No cost sharing or matching was required, which generally lowers the barrier for organizations that might not have discretionary funds to contribute.
Eligibility was broad and included a wide range of domestic and non-domestic entities. Eligible applicants spanned state, county, city or township, and special district governments; public housing authorities/Indian housing authorities; independent school districts; public and state-controlled institutions of higher education; private institutions of higher education; nonprofits with and without 501(c)(3) status (excluding institutions of higher education in the non-501(c)(3) category as stated); for-profit organizations (other than small businesses); and small businesses. The eligibility language also explicitly included organizations and institution types that NIH often encourages to apply, such as Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions, Hispanic-serving Institutions, Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs), faith-based or community-based organizations, and regional organizations. Importantly, it also allowed non-domestic (non-U.S.) entities (foreign organizations) as eligible applicants, along with U.S. territories or possessions and certain eligible federal agencies, indicating NIH’s openness to supporting qualified teams regardless of geography when the science and deliverables align with program goals.
The timeline information shows this was a time-limited solicitation posted on February 10, 2011, with an original and current closing date of May 26, 2011, and an archive date of June 26, 2011. That means it was a specific call for applications during that window rather than an always-open program announcement. Applicants would have been expected to consult the full announcement text for details on scientific scope, required milestones for the phased R21/R33 structure, review criteria emphasizing innovation and translational feasibility, and any organism-specific or resistance-mechanism-specific priorities.
For reference and official details, NIH provided an additional information link to the full funding announcement at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-AI-11-009.html. Support contacts listed were the NIH Office of Extramural Research (OER) web team, including the OER Webmaster (FBOWebmaster@OD.NIH.GOV), specifically for access and linking issues related to the electronic announcement.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the name of this funding opportunity?
The opportunity is titled Targeting Resistance in Select Gram Negative Pathogens (R21/R33).
What is the Funding Opportunity Number (FON)?
The Funding Opportunity Number is RFA-AI-11-009.
Who offered this grant opportunity?
This was a discretionary grant solicitation from the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
What was the main goal of this program?
The goal was to accelerate basic translational research that could lead to practical antibacterial technologies designed to get around, neutralize, or otherwise circumvent antibiotic resistance in selected gram-negative bacteria.
In plain terms, what kinds of outcomes was NIH trying to stimulate?
The program was intended to push work beyond simply describing resistance mechanisms and toward building and testing tangible countermeasures, especially approaches that could be translated into tools, therapeutics, or enabling technologies that still work when conventional antibiotics fail.
What pathogens were the scientific focus?
The focus was on gram-negative pathogens, which are often difficult to treat due to features such as an outer membrane barrier, efficient efflux pumps, and the rapid spread of resistance genes.
What does "targeting resistance" mean in the context of this opportunity?
It means supporting research that directly addresses resistance and enables antibacterial activity despite it, rather than work that is only observational or descriptive.
Did the short description list specific organisms?
No. The information provided here notes that the short description does not enumerate specific organisms, and that applicants would have needed to consult the full announcement for any organism-specific priorities.
What kinds of approaches were implied to be of interest?
Based on the title and NIH framing described, the opportunity indicated interest in strategies such as:
- Inhibitors of resistance mechanisms
- Methods that restore the effectiveness of existing antibiotics
- Drug delivery or penetration approaches that overcome the gram-negative envelope
- Other platform technologies adaptable across multiple resistant organisms
What does "basic translational" suggest about the type of project NIH wanted?
It suggests NIH wanted projects that include foundational mechanistic insight but are explicitly oriented toward creating and validating a usable anti-resistance technology, rather than purely descriptive microbiology.
What NIH activity code or mechanism was used?
This opportunity used an R21/R33 mechanism.
What does the R21/R33 structure typically mean?
It typically indicates a phased pathway: an initial exploratory or proof-of-concept phase (R21) followed by a development/expansion phase (R33) that can be triggered by meeting specific milestones.
Why would NIH use a phased R21/R33 approach for this topic?
This structure is designed to encourage high-impact, higher-risk ideas early, while allowing continued support if the technology demonstrates feasibility, performance, and translational promise.
What type of funding instrument was this?
The funding instrument type was a grant.
What was the activity category?
The activity category was health.
Which CFDA numbers were associated with this opportunity?
The CFDA numbers listed were:
- 93.855 - Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation Research
- 93.856 - Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research
Was cost sharing or matching required?
No. The opportunity indicated that no cost sharing or matching was required.
Who was eligible to apply?
Eligibility was broad and included a wide range of domestic and non-domestic entities, including government entities, higher education institutions, nonprofits, and for-profit organizations (including small businesses, as described in the eligibility language).
Which government entities were listed as eligible applicants?
Eligible government applicants included:
- State governments
- County governments
- City or township governments
- Special district governments
- U.S. territories or possessions
- Certain eligible federal agencies
Were public housing authorities eligible?
Yes. Public housing authorities/Indian housing authorities were listed as eligible applicants.
Were school districts eligible?
Yes. Independent school districts were included in the eligibility list.
Were colleges and universities eligible?
Yes. Eligibility included both public and state-controlled institutions of higher education and private institutions of higher education.
Were nonprofit organizations eligible?
Yes. The eligibility list included nonprofits with and without 501(c)(3) status. The provided information also notes an exclusion in the non-501(c)(3) category as stated: nonprofits without 501(c)(3) status (excluding institutions of higher education in that non-501(c)(3) category).
Were for-profit organizations eligible?
Yes. The eligibility list included for-profit organizations (other than small businesses) and also separately included small businesses.
Were foreign (non-U.S.) organizations eligible to apply?
Yes. The eligibility language explicitly allowed non-domestic (non-U.S.) entities (foreign organizations).
Did the eligibility language mention any institution types NIH often encourages?
Yes. The description explicitly included institution types such as Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions, Hispanic-serving Institutions, Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs), faith-based or community-based organizations, and regional organizations.
When was this solicitation posted?
The posting date was February 10, 2011.
What was the application closing date?
The original and current closing date was May 26, 2011.
Was this an ongoing program or a time-limited call?
It was time-limited. The information provided indicates it was a specific call for applications during that window rather than an always-open program announcement.
What does the archive date indicate?
The archive date was June 26, 2011, indicating the opportunity was archived after the application window closed.
Where could applicants find the official full announcement?
NIH provided an official link to the full announcement here: http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-AI-11-009.html.
Who was listed as the contact for support?
The support contacts listed were the NIH Office of Extramural Research (OER) web team, including the OER Webmaster.
What type of issues was the listed contact intended to address?
The listed contact (OER Webmaster) was specifically for access and linking issues related to the electronic announcement.
What is the email address provided for the OER Webmaster?
The email provided was FBOWebmaster@OD.NIH.GOV.
Would applicants need to consult the full announcement for milestone and review details?
Yes. The information provided indicates that applicants would have been expected to consult the full announcement text for details such as scientific scope, required milestones for the phased R21/R33 structure, review criteria emphasizing innovation and translational feasibility, and any organism- or resistance-mechanism-specific priorities.
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