HIV Treatment Adherence Research (R34) | Apply Online

Opportunity Summary:

The HIV Treatment Adherence Research (R34) opportunity, Funding Opportunity Number PAR-07-341, is a National Institutes of Health grant announcement led by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Its main goal is to support exploratory work that advances the science behind improving adherence to HIV treatment, with an emphasis on mental health interventions and service approaches that can realistically strengthen how consistently people take and stay on antiretroviral therapy. In practical terms, the FOA is aimed at early-stage or preparatory intervention research that helps move promising adherence strategies toward stronger, larger-scale testing and eventual implementation, especially where mental health, behavior, and service delivery factors shape adherence outcomes.

This announcement uses the R34 mechanism, described here as the NIMH Exploratory Grants for Mental Health Interventions and Services. The R34 is generally designed to help researchers develop, refine, and pilot-test interventions and related service models before committing to a full-scale efficacy or effectiveness trial. The FOA also notes that it runs in parallel with several other NIH announcements covering the same broad scientific space but using different funding mechanisms: PA-07-338 (R01 Research Project Grant), PA-07-339 (R03 Small Research Grant), and PA-07-340 (R21 Exploratory/Developmental). The presence of these parallel options signals that NIH anticipated projects at different stages of maturity, from small preliminary studies (R03), to developmental innovation (R21), to more definitive trials (R01), with this R34 sitting in the space of intervention and services development and preparation for later-stage research.

In terms of funding, the opportunity lists an award ceiling of $225,000, and it explicitly states that awards depend on the availability of funds and on receiving enough high-quality, competitive applications. Rather than guaranteeing a set number of awards, NIMH is indicating that funding decisions will be made based on merit and budget realities in the relevant fiscal periods. The FOA is categorized as a discretionary grant in the health area, and it is tied to CFDA 93.242 (Mental Health Research Grants). There is no cost-sharing or matching requirement, which means applicants are not required to provide non-federal matching funds as a condition of receiving an award.

Eligibility is broad and includes many types of domestic U.S. organizations and governments as well as foreign institutions. Eligible applicants listed include nonprofits with or without 501(c)(3) status, public and private institutions of higher education, for-profit organizations (including those other than small businesses), small businesses, state and local governments (including county and city/township governments), special district governments, independent school districts, public housing authorities/Indian housing authorities, and Native American tribal organizations, including federally recognized tribal governments. The FOA specifically notes that foreign institutions are eligible to apply, which expands participation beyond the U.S. and can support adherence research in international contexts where HIV treatment programs and adherence barriers may differ.

From an administrative and timing standpoint, this opportunity was posted on March 27, 2007, with multiple receipt dates rather than a single one-time deadline, meaning applicants could submit according to recurring NIH submission cycles during the active period of the announcement. The listing indicates an archive date of February 7, 2010, which means it is no longer an active, open FOA today, but it remains useful as a reference for the type of HIV adherence intervention development work NIMH sought to support through the R34 mechanism during that period. The full announcement was made available through the NIH grants guide, and the contact provided for technical access issues is the NIH Office of Extramural Research (OER) webmaster.

Overall, PAR-07-341 was designed to stimulate and support early, intervention-focused mental health services research that could measurably improve HIV treatment adherence, using the R34 structure to help applicants build the evidence base, procedures, and readiness needed for more definitive follow-on studies under larger NIH mechanisms.

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Next opportunity: Psychosocial/Behavioral Interventions and Services Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders (R34)

Previous opportunity: HIV Treatment Adherence Research (R21)

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