Opportunity Information: Apply for PAR 15 192
Apply for PAR 15 192
- The National Institutes of Health in the health sector is offering a public funding opportunity titled "Immune System Plasticity in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Complex Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Diseases (R01)" and is now available to receive applicants.
- Interested and eligible applicants and submit their applications by referencing the CFDA number(s): 93.121 Oral Diseases and Disorders Research.
- This funding opportunity was created on Apr 28, 2015 and posted on Apr 28, 2015.
- Applicants must submit their applications by Sep 7, 2018. (Agency may still review applications by suitable applicants for the remaining/unused allocated funding in 2026.)
- Eligible applicants include: Private institutions of higher education Nonprofits that do not have a 501(c)(3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education Native American tribal organizations (other than Federally recognized tribal governments) Public housing authorities/Indian housing authorities Special district governments Small businesses Independent school districts Public and State controlled institutions of higher education City or township governments Native American tribal governments (Federally recognized) Nonprofits having a 501(c)(3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education County governments For profit organizations other than small businesses State governments Others (see text field entitled Additional Information on Eligibility for clarification).
- Other Eligible Applicants include the following Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions Asian American Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institutions (AANAPISISs) Eligible Agencies of the Federal Government Faith based or Community based Organizations Hispanic serving Institutions Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) Indian/Native American Tribal Governments (Other than Federally Recognized) Non domestic (non U.S.) Entities (Foreign Organizations) Regional Organizations Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs) U.S. Territory or Possession.
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Opportunity Summary:
The grant opportunity titled "Immune System Plasticity in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Complex Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Diseases (R01)" (Funding Opportunity Number PAR 15-192) is a discretionary research grant issued by the National Institutes of Health under CFDA 93.121 (Oral Diseases and Disorders Research). It was posted on April 28, 2015, with an original and final application closing date of September 7, 2018, and it was archived on October 8, 2018. The announcement uses the NIH R01 mechanism, which typically supports hypothesis-driven, investigator-initiated research projects aimed at generating substantial new knowledge through well-developed aims, strong preliminary rationale, and rigorous study design.
The scientific focus of the FOA centers on immune system plasticity, meaning the immune system's capacity to adapt, reprogram, and shift its functional states in response to cues such as tissue damage, infection, microbiome changes, inflammation, aging, systemic disease, and environmental exposures. In the context of dental, oral, and craniofacial biology, the FOA is aimed at studies that clarify how dynamic immune behaviors contribute to healthy tissue maintenance as well as to disease initiation, persistence, and progression. The underlying premise is that many complex oral and craniofacial conditions are not driven by a single static immune defect, but by immune responses that evolve over time and differ across tissue sites, disease stages, and patient subgroups. By understanding these shifting immune states and the signals that shape them, researchers can identify leverage points for therapy.
A key goal of the announcement is to advance the immunological basis of dental, oral, and craniofacial diseases. That includes mapping which immune cells, mediators, and pathways are involved; determining how immune responses interact with local tissue cells (such as epithelial cells, fibroblasts, osteoblasts/osteoclasts, endothelial cells, and neurons); and explaining how the immune system communicates with resident microbial communities and the surrounding tissue microenvironment. The FOA also emphasizes the need to distinguish protective immune functions from harmful ones. In oral tissues, immune activity is essential for surveillance and repair, yet the same system can become dysregulated and contribute to chronic inflammation, tissue destruction, fibrosis, bone loss, impaired healing, pain, or heightened susceptibility to infection. Projects responsive to the FOA would therefore be expected to move beyond simple association and toward mechanism: what changes, why it changes, and how those changes drive clinical outcomes.
Beyond basic mechanism, the announcement explicitly encourages development of tools and technologies for precise modulation of the immune system to restore or maintain health. This reflects an interest not only in describing immune changes, but in learning how to steer immune responses in targeted ways that reduce pathology without broadly suppressing host defense. Depending on the research approach, this could include strategies to selectively reprogram immune cell phenotypes, modulate inflammatory signaling at specific stages of disease, promote resolution pathways, or enhance regenerative and wound-healing immune functions in oral and craniofacial tissues. The intended payoff is translational: the expectation is that discoveries made through these projects will help enable novel immunomodulatory therapies that either prevent disease onset or reverse disease progression, rather than only managing symptoms.
In practical terms, the opportunity was open to a wide range of applicant organizations and reflected NIH's broad eligibility posture. Eligible applicants included public and private institutions of higher education, nonprofits (including 501(c)(3) and certain non-501(c)(3) entities), small businesses, for-profit organizations other than small businesses, and various government entities at the city, county, state, and special district levels. The eligibility language also extended to organizations such as Historically Black Colleges and Universities, Hispanic-serving institutions, Tribal Colleges and Universities, Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions, and Asian American Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institutions. The FOA also permitted non-U.S. entities (foreign organizations), regional organizations, U.S. territories or possessions, faith-based or community-based organizations, and eligible federal agencies, expanding the potential for collaborative and globally informed immunology research relevant to oral health. Importantly, the announcement specified no cost sharing or matching requirement, which typically reduces barriers for institutions that might otherwise struggle to provide non-federal matching funds.
Administrative details in the source information indicate that the NIH Office of Extramural Research provided support contacts for technical issues accessing the announcement, listing the NIH OER Webmaster (FBOWebmaster@OD.NIH.GOV). The full FOA was hosted through the NIH grants guide (link provided in the source text). While the opportunity is now archived, the summary and intent remain useful as a blueprint for the types of immune-focused, oral and craniofacial disease research questions NIH sought to stimulate: mechanistic work on immune adaptability in these tissues, paired with forward-looking development of targeted immunomodulation approaches aimed at durable prevention or reversal of disease.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the title of this grant opportunity?
The opportunity is titled "Immune System Plasticity in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Complex Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Diseases (R01)."
What is the Funding Opportunity Number (FOA number)?
The Funding Opportunity Number is PAR 15-192.
Which agency issued this grant opportunity?
This is a discretionary research grant opportunity issued by the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
What CFDA number is associated with this opportunity?
The CFDA number listed for this opportunity is 93.121 (Oral Diseases and Disorders Research).
What type of grant mechanism does this FOA use?
The FOA uses the NIH R01 mechanism, which typically supports hypothesis-driven, investigator-initiated research projects with well-developed aims, a strong rationale, and rigorous study design intended to generate substantial new knowledge.
When was the opportunity posted?
The opportunity was posted on April 28, 2015.
What were the application closing dates?
Both the original and final application closing date listed for this opportunity was September 7, 2018.
Is this FOA still open?
No. The opportunity is archived. It was archived on October 8, 2018.
What is the central scientific focus of this FOA?
The FOA centers on immune system plasticity, meaning the immune system's capacity to adapt, reprogram, and shift functional states in response to cues such as tissue damage, infection, microbiome changes, inflammation, aging, systemic disease, and environmental exposures, particularly in dental, oral, and craniofacial biology.
What does "immune system plasticity" mean in the context of oral and craniofacial disease?
In this FOA, immune system plasticity refers to dynamic immune behaviors that can change over time, vary across tissue sites, differ by disease stage, and vary among patient subgroups. The premise is that complex oral and craniofacial conditions are often shaped by evolving immune responses rather than a single fixed immune defect.
What kinds of diseases or conditions are within scope?
The scope includes complex dental, oral, and craniofacial diseases and conditions where immune adaptation and shifting immune states contribute to healthy tissue maintenance and/or to disease initiation, persistence, and progression.
What types of research questions was NIH trying to stimulate through this announcement?
The FOA aimed to stimulate mechanistic studies that explain what immune changes occur, why they occur, and how those changes drive clinical outcomes in oral and craniofacial tissues, along with efforts to develop tools and technologies for targeted immunomodulation.
Does the FOA emphasize association studies or mechanistic studies?
The emphasis is on moving beyond simple association toward mechanism, including identifying what changes in immune responses, why those changes happen, and how they contribute to outcomes like disease progression or healing.
What immune-related elements did the FOA highlight as important to study?
The FOA highlights mapping relevant immune cells, mediators, and pathways, and understanding how immune responses interact with local tissue cells and the tissue microenvironment.
Which local tissue cell types are mentioned as interacting with immune responses?
The FOA specifically mentions interactions with epithelial cells, fibroblasts, osteoblasts/osteoclasts, endothelial cells, and neurons.
How does the FOA treat the role of the microbiome?
The FOA notes the importance of understanding how the immune system communicates with resident microbial communities and the surrounding tissue microenvironment in oral and craniofacial tissues.
Why does the FOA emphasize distinguishing protective versus harmful immune functions?
Because immune activity in oral tissues is essential for surveillance and repair, but dysregulated immune responses can drive chronic inflammation and other harmful outcomes. The FOA emphasizes separating beneficial immune functions from pathological ones to identify more precise therapeutic targets.
What harmful outcomes does the FOA associate with dysregulated immune activity in oral tissues?
The FOA notes that dysregulated immunity can contribute to chronic inflammation, tissue destruction, fibrosis, bone loss, impaired healing, pain, and heightened susceptibility to infection.
Does the FOA encourage translational or therapy-enabling work?
Yes. In addition to basic mechanism, the FOA explicitly encourages development of tools and technologies to precisely modulate immune responses with the goal of restoring or maintaining health.
What kinds of immunomodulatory strategies are described as relevant?
Examples described include selectively reprogramming immune cell phenotypes, modulating inflammatory signaling at specific stages of disease, promoting resolution pathways, and enhancing regenerative or wound-healing immune functions in oral and craniofacial tissues.
What is the intended payoff or impact described in the FOA?
The intended payoff is to enable novel immunomodulatory therapies that can prevent disease onset or reverse disease progression, rather than only managing symptoms.
Who was eligible to apply?
The FOA had broad eligibility, including public and private institutions of higher education, nonprofits (including 501(c)(3) and certain non-501(c)(3) entities), small businesses, for-profit organizations other than small businesses, and government entities at city, county, state, and special district levels.
Were minority-serving institutions included in the eligible applicant types?
Yes. The eligibility language included organizations such as Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), Hispanic-serving institutions, Tribal Colleges and Universities, Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions, and Asian American Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institutions.
Could non-U.S. organizations apply?
Yes. The FOA permitted non-U.S. entities (foreign organizations), as well as regional organizations, U.S. territories or possessions, and other eligible groups described in the announcement.
Were faith-based or community-based organizations allowed to apply?
Yes. The eligibility language extended to faith-based or community-based organizations.
Did the FOA require cost sharing or matching funds?
No. The FOA specified that there was no cost sharing or matching requirement.
Where was the full FOA hosted?
The full FOA was hosted through the NIH Grants Guide (a link was provided in the source information).
Who was listed as a contact for technical issues accessing the announcement?
The NIH Office of Extramural Research provided a support contact for technical issues: the NIH OER Webmaster (FBOWebmaster@OD.NIH.GOV).
Even though this opportunity is archived, what is it still useful for?
The archived summary and stated intent can still serve as a blueprint for the types of immune-focused dental, oral, and craniofacial disease research NIH sought to stimulate, particularly mechanistic work on immune adaptability paired with targeted immunomodulation approaches aimed at durable prevention or reversal of disease.
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