Implicating Noncoding RNAs in the Genetics of Mental Disorders (R01) | Apply Online

Opportunity Summary:

The funding opportunity titled "Implicating Noncoding RNAs in the Genetics of Mental Disorders (R01)" (Funding Opportunity Number PA-07-370) is a National Institutes of Health (NIH) discretionary grant announcement focused on advancing mental health genetics by zeroing in on regulatory RNA molecules that do not code for proteins. The central goal is to invite research applications that examine how microRNAs and other classes of noncoding RNAs contribute to the causes and biological mechanisms of mental disorders. In practical terms, the NIH is looking for projects that can connect variation or dysfunction in these noncoding RNA systems to disease risk, symptom dimensions, or underlying neurobiological pathways, and that can generate datasets valuable to the broader research community.

A key idea behind the announcement is that noncoding RNAs, especially microRNAs, act as sequence-specific regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression. That means they can influence how much protein is produced from many target genes and can fine-tune gene networks rather than affecting only a single gene at a time. Because many mental disorders involve complex genetics and broad changes in gene regulation across brain development and brain function, the FOA emphasizes integrating these RNA-based regulatory mechanisms into larger models of disease pathophysiology. The intent is not just to find associations, but to help "disaggregate" the molecular machinery of mental disorders by identifying how these regulatory elements shape biological pathways relevant to psychiatric illness.

The mechanism of support is the NIH Research Project Grant (R01), which generally supports full-scale, hypothesis-driven research projects with substantial scope and duration compared to smaller mechanisms. This FOA runs in parallel with two other announcements that share the same scientific scope but use different mechanisms: PA-07-372, which solicits R21 applications (commonly used for exploratory or early-stage work), and PA-07-371, which solicits Collaborative R01 applications (designed to support multi-project or multi-team collaborative arrangements). Applicants choosing PA-07-370 are therefore positioning their work as a standard R01 project rather than an exploratory R21 or a formally collaborative R01 structure.

The announcement makes clear that award decisions depend on the availability of funds and the receipt of enough high-quality proposals. In other words, there is no guaranteed number of awards specified in the summary information; funding will be contingent on both budget conditions and scientific merit as judged through the NIH peer review process. The program sits under the Health funding activity category and is associated with CFDA number 93.242, which corresponds to Mental Health Research Grants. There is no cost sharing or matching requirement, meaning applicants are not required to contribute non-federal matching funds as a condition of eligibility.

Eligibility is broad and includes many types of organizations. Eligible applicants listed include public and private institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations (including those with and without 501(c)(3) status, depending on the category), for-profit organizations (including small businesses and other for-profits), and a wide range of government entities such as state governments, county governments, and city or township governments. The eligibility list also includes Native American tribal governments (federally recognized) and tribal organizations (other than federally recognized tribal governments), as well as special district governments and independent school districts. Importantly, the opportunity explicitly states that foreign institutions are eligible to apply and that eligible agencies of the Federal Government may also apply, which expands participation beyond the typical domestic academic applicants.

From an administrative timeline perspective, the opportunity was posted on May 2, 2007, with multiple receipt dates and a final listed current closing date of January 7, 2010, and an archive date of February 7, 2010. This indicates it was an active NIH program announcement with recurring submission cycles during that period rather than a single one-time deadline. The full announcement was hosted through the NIH grants guide at the provided link, and the contact information directs technical access issues to the NIH Office of Extramural Research (OER) webmaster.

One of the more emphasized themes in the description is rapid and widespread sharing of the resulting data. The FOA frames data generation as a community resource intended to accelerate genetic analyses of human diseases by making it easier for other investigators to reanalyze, integrate, and build on results. This signals that strong applications would be expected to include a credible plan for producing interpretable datasets and for disseminating them in a way that supports broader use, consistent with NIH expectations around data sharing and community impact.

In short, PA-07-370 is an NIH R01 program announcement aimed at advancing psychiatric genetics by supporting rigorous, full-scale projects that investigate microRNAs and other noncoding RNAs as sequence-specific regulators of gene expression relevant to mental disorders. It encourages work that connects these regulatory molecules to disease mechanisms, integrates findings into coherent models of pathophysiology, and produces sharable data resources that can speed progress across the field.

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