Research on the Health Determinants and Consequences of Violence and its Prevention, Particularly Firearm Violence (R01) | Apply Online

Opportunity Summary:

The NIH funding opportunity PA 13-363, titled "Research on the Health Determinants and Consequences of Violence and its Prevention, Particularly Firearm Violence (R01)," supported a broad, multidisciplinary research agenda focused on understanding violence as a major public health issue and developing, testing, and spreading effective prevention strategies. Using the R01 research project grant mechanism, the announcement invited proposals that could range from foundational studies that explain why violence occurs and how it affects health, to practical intervention research aimed at reducing violence and its harms in real-world settings. Although the scope covered violence in general, the announcement placed special emphasis on research that examines the intersection of firearms with multiple forms of violence, including homicide, suicide, youth and gang-related violence, and intimate partner violence.

A key feature of this opportunity was its wide scientific reach across several NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices, reflecting the idea that violence is not only a criminal justice or social issue, but also deeply tied to mental health, substance use, injury, developmental trajectories, and health disparities. The FOA explicitly welcomed basic neuroscience and basic behavioral research to clarify mechanisms that may contribute to violent behavior or vulnerability to violence exposure, such as stress physiology, impulsivity, trauma responses, social learning, and other biological and behavioral pathways. It also encouraged clinical and translational studies that connect these mechanisms to measurable health outcomes and identify points where prevention or treatment can be most effective.

Beyond understanding causes and consequences, the announcement strongly supported the development and rigorous evaluation of interventions. This included designing preventive or therapeutic approaches at multiple levels, such as interventions targeting individuals (for example, risk screening, counseling, trauma-informed care, substance use treatment linkages), families (parenting supports, family-based therapy, conflict reduction strategies), and communities (school- or neighborhood-based prevention, community violence interruption models, structural or environmental strategies). The FOA also allowed for efficacy trials, meaning controlled studies testing whether interventions that have a rationale grounded in basic or translational evidence actually produce meaningful reductions in violence, firearm-related injury, or downstream health consequences.

Another important dimension was implementation and dissemination research. The announcement recognized that even when interventions work in controlled settings, they often fail to achieve the same results at scale due to barriers such as limited resources, staffing constraints, organizational readiness, or mismatches with local context. Applicants were therefore encouraged to study how to deliver proven interventions effectively in real-world environments, including health care systems, schools, community organizations, and other service settings. This could involve identifying best practices for adoption, fidelity, adaptation, sustainability, and equitable reach, particularly for populations at elevated risk.

In administrative terms, this was a discretionary NIH grant opportunity with no cost-sharing or matching requirement. It was posted on September 27, 2013, and the final application due date listed was January 7, 2017, with an archive date of February 7, 2017, indicating it is no longer active. The eligible applicant pool was broad and included many types of U.S.-based organizations and governments, such as public and private institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations (including those with and without 501(c)(3) status), for-profit organizations (other than small businesses) as well as small businesses, and a range of state, county, city, township, special district, and housing authorities. The eligibility language also explicitly included various minority-serving institutions and community-based or faith-based organizations, along with tribal entities and tribally controlled colleges and universities. At the same time, non-U.S. institutions were not eligible, and foreign components were not allowed under NIH policy for this FOA.

The program aligned with multiple CFDA areas connected to mental health, alcohol, drug abuse, minority health and health disparities, womens health, and child health and human development, underscoring the cross-cutting nature of violence research and firearm violence prevention. Overall, the opportunity sought strong R01-level projects that could advance scientific understanding of violence-related risk and resilience, document the health consequences of exposure to violence, create and test interventions that prevent violence or reduce harm, and produce practical knowledge about how to implement and sustain evidence-based strategies, with particular priority given to studies where firearms are central to the violence being examined.

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Next opportunity: Research on the Health Determinants and Consequences of Violence and its Prevention, Particularly Firearm Violence (R21)

Previous opportunity: Research on the Health Determinants and Consequences of Violence and its Prevention, Particularly Firearm Violence (R03)

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