Opportunity Information: Apply for PA 15 107
Apply for PA 15 107
- The National Institutes of Health in the health sector is offering a public funding opportunity titled "Role of Exosomes in HIV Pathogenesis (R21)" and is now available to receive applicants.
- Interested and eligible applicants and submit their applications by referencing the CFDA number(s): 93.242 Mental Health Research Grants 93.855 Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research 93.856 Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research.
- This funding opportunity was created on Jan 30, 2015 and posted on Jan 30, 2015.
- Applicants must submit their applications by Jan 7, 2018. (Agency may still review applications by suitable applicants for the remaining/unused allocated funding in 2026.)
- Eligible applicants include: Others (see text field entitled Additional Information on Eligibility for clarification) Public and State controlled institutions of higher education Independent school districts County governments Nonprofits that do not have a 501(c)(3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education For profit organizations other than small businesses Nonprofits having a 501(c)(3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education Native American tribal governments (Federally recognized) City or township governments State governments Public housing authorities/Indian housing authorities Special district governments Private institutions of higher education Native American tribal organizations (other than Federally recognized tribal governments) Small businesses.
- Other Eligible Applicants include the following Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions Asian American Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institutions (AANAPISISs) Eligible Agencies of the Federal Government Faith based or Community based Organizations Hispanic serving Institutions Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) Indian/Native American Tribal Governments (Other than Federally Recognized) Non domestic (non U.S.) Entities (Foreign Organizations) Regional Organizations Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs) U.S. Territory or Possession.
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Opportunity Summary:
This government grant opportunity, titled "Role of Exosomes in HIV Pathogenesis (R21)" (Funding Opportunity Number PA-15-107), is a National Institutes of Health (NIH) discretionary grant program aimed at sparking new, early-stage research on how exosomes may influence HIV infection and disease. The core idea behind the announcement is that exosomes, which are small membrane-bound vesicles released by cells and used for cell-to-cell communication, may play meaningful roles in HIV transmission, in shaping innate or adaptive immune responses to HIV, and in driving mechanisms of HIV pathogenesis. The FOA is specifically structured as an R21 mechanism, which generally supports exploratory and developmental projects that are testing new concepts or generating preliminary data rather than funding large, mature research programs.
The scientific focus is on understanding exosomes as biological messengers in contexts directly relevant to HIV. Applicants are encouraged to propose research that investigates how exosomes might facilitate or inhibit HIV spread between cells, alter the host immune response in ways that affect infection outcomes, or contribute to disease progression through signaling pathways, cargo delivery (such as proteins or RNAs), or modulation of inflammation and immunity. In practical terms, this could include studying exosome-mediated communication between immune cells, how HIV infection changes the content or function of exosomes, or whether exosomes can carry factors that affect viral replication, immune activation, or susceptibility of target cells. The FOA frames these questions as an underexplored area where innovative approaches could open up new angles on HIV biology and potentially inform future therapeutic or preventive strategies.
From an administrative standpoint, this is a grant (Funding Instrument Type: Grant) within the health research activity category, and it is associated with multiple CFDA program areas: 93.242 (Mental Health Research Grants), 93.855 (Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research), and 93.856 (Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research. The opportunity does not require cost sharing or matching, which lowers a common barrier to entry for many organizations, especially those with limited discretionary funds.
Eligibility is broad and intentionally inclusive. Eligible applicants include public and private institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations (including both 501(c)(3) and certain non-501(c)(3) nonprofits outside higher education), for-profit organizations other than small businesses, and small businesses. Government entities at multiple levels are also eligible, including state governments, county governments, city or township governments, independent school districts, special district governments, and public housing authorities or Indian housing authorities. The FOA also highlights a wide range of additional eligible applicant categories such as Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), Hispanic-serving institutions, tribally controlled colleges and universities (TCCUs), Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions, Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institutions (AANAPISIs), faith-based or community-based organizations, certain tribal governments and tribal organizations, U.S. territories or possessions, and even non-U.S. entities (foreign organizations) and regional organizations. Federal agencies can also be eligible under the listed criteria. This wide eligibility scope signals NIH interest in encouraging diverse institutional participation and cross-disciplinary perspectives in a developing research area.
The FOA was posted on January 30, 2015, with an original and final closing date of January 7, 2018, and an archive date of February 7, 2018. In other words, it is no longer open for submission, but it remains a useful reference point for understanding NIH priorities at the time and for shaping future applications to related HIV, extracellular vesicle, immunology, or infectious disease funding opportunities. For the full archived announcement, NIH provided an additional information link at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-15-107.html, and for access or technical issues applicants were directed to the NIH Office of Extramural Research (OER) webmaster contacts listed in the notice.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs): Role of Exosomes in HIV Pathogenesis (R21) - PA-15-107
What is the title of this grant opportunity?
The opportunity is titled "Role of Exosomes in HIV Pathogenesis (R21)".
What is the Funding Opportunity Number (FOA number)?
The Funding Opportunity Number is PA-15-107.
Which federal agency is offering this opportunity?
This is a National Institutes of Health (NIH) discretionary grant opportunity.
What type of funding instrument is this?
The funding instrument type is a Grant.
What does the R21 mechanism mean in this FOA?
This FOA uses the R21 mechanism, which is generally intended to support exploratory and developmental research. It is positioned for new, early-stage projects that test novel ideas or generate preliminary data, rather than large, mature research programs.
What is the main scientific goal of this funding opportunity?
The core goal is to spark early-stage research on how exosomes may influence HIV infection and disease, including potential roles in HIV transmission, immune responses to HIV, and broader mechanisms of HIV pathogenesis.
What are exosomes in the context of this FOA?
In this announcement, exosomes are described as small membrane-bound vesicles released by cells that support cell-to-cell communication.
What kinds of HIV-related exosome questions does the FOA encourage?
The FOA encourages projects that explore how exosomes may:
- Facilitate or inhibit HIV spread between cells
- Shape innate or adaptive immune responses that influence infection outcomes
- Contribute to HIV disease progression through signaling, cargo delivery, or immune modulation
What research angles are specifically mentioned as examples of fit?
Examples described in the FOA include:
- Studying exosome-mediated communication between immune cells in HIV-relevant settings
- Investigating how HIV infection changes the content or function of exosomes
- Assessing whether exosomes can carry factors that affect viral replication, immune activation, or susceptibility of target cells
- Exploring exosome effects via signaling pathways, cargo delivery (such as proteins or RNAs), and modulation of inflammation and immunity
Is this FOA focused on a mature research area or an underexplored one?
The FOA frames exosomes in HIV pathogenesis as an underexplored area where innovative approaches could open new angles on HIV biology and potentially inform future therapeutic or preventive strategies.
What is the activity category for this opportunity?
The opportunity is in the health research activity category.
Which CFDA program areas are associated with this FOA?
The FOA is associated with multiple CFDA areas:
- 93.242 - Mental Health Research Grants
- 93.855 - Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research
- 93.856 - Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research
Does this opportunity require cost sharing or matching funds?
No. The FOA states that it does not require cost sharing or matching.
Who is eligible to apply?
Eligibility is broad and includes:
- Public and private institutions of higher education
- Nonprofit organizations (including 501(c)(3) and certain non-501(c)(3) nonprofits outside higher education)
- For-profit organizations (other than small businesses)
- Small businesses
- Government entities (state, county, city/township, independent school districts, special district governments, and public/Indian housing authorities)
Are minority-serving institutions specifically included in eligible applicant types?
Yes. The FOA explicitly highlights eligibility for a range of minority-serving institutions, including:
- Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs)
- Hispanic-serving institutions
- Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs)
- Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions
- Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institutions (AANAPISIs)
Are faith-based or community-based organizations eligible?
Yes. The FOA lists faith-based or community-based organizations among eligible applicant categories.
Are tribal governments or tribal organizations eligible?
Yes. The FOA includes certain tribal governments and tribal organizations as eligible applicants.
Are U.S. territories or possessions eligible to apply?
Yes. The FOA includes U.S. territories or possessions among eligible applicant categories.
Are non-U.S. (foreign) organizations eligible?
Yes. The FOA indicates that non-U.S. entities (foreign organizations) and regional organizations are eligible.
Can federal agencies apply?
Yes. The FOA notes that federal agencies can be eligible under the listed criteria.
When was this FOA posted?
The FOA was posted on January 30, 2015.
What were the closing dates for submission?
The FOA lists an original and final closing date of January 7, 2018.
Is this funding opportunity still open?
No. Based on the provided dates, the FOA is no longer open for submission.
When was the FOA archived?
The archive date listed is February 7, 2018.
Where can someone find the full archived announcement?
The FOA provides this link for the archived announcement: http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-15-107.html
Who was listed for access or technical issues?
For access or technical issues, applicants were directed to the NIH Office of Extramural Research (OER) webmaster contacts listed in the notice.
What is the practical value of this FOA now that it is archived?
The FOA is described as a useful reference for understanding NIH priorities at the time and for shaping future applications to related areas such as HIV, extracellular vesicles, immunology, or infectious disease funding opportunities.
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